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Friday, November 19, 2004

What R. C. Anderson said about Owen Cox

R. C. Anderson's article "The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean" tells more details about Owen Cox. First, the reason that the Duke of Tuscany was angry at the English was that Henry Appleton, the squadron commander, had allowed Cox to take a small French merchant ship quite close to Livorno. Cox had been sent to Genoa to careen the Constant Warwick, and when he arrived back, Appleton dispatched him to watch Van Galen. Appleton feared that Van Galen would intercept Richard Badiley's squadron and defeat him. This was a prelude to the Battle of Monte Cristo, which the English lost. Prior to the battle, the Dutch had seen Cox, in the Constant Warwick, scouting ahead of Appleton's squadron. Cox acquitted himself well in the battle, and was praised by Badiley. It was at Monte Cristo that the Phoenix was captured by the Dutch. After the battle, Cox was temporarily given command of the Bonaventure, after her captain had died. Cox wanted to retake the Phoenix, but Appleton would not allow him to try. Badiley approved of the attack, and on a day when Cornelis Tromp was hosting a party on board the Phoenix, the English struck in an attack with armed men three boats. They succeeded in taking the Phoenix, and Cornelis Tromp, after resisting, escaped by jumping through a stern window. The Phoenix, under Cox's command, arrived in Naples on November 30th, 1652 (Old Style). On January 24th, 1653, Cox in the Phoenix, in company with the Harry Bonaventure, fought an action against two Dutch warships convoying 4 merchantmen. The Phoenix was heavily damaged, and Cox had to take time to make repairs. When Appleton's squadron eventually left Livorno on March 4, 1653 (Old Style), a battle was fought between the two fleets. Appleton was defeated and Badiley never seriously closed with the Dutch. In the fighting, Van Galen was fatally wounded. Cox was present in the Phoenix, as part of Badiley's squadron. The English were ordered to withdraw from the Mediterranean, and arrived back in the England in time for the three surviving frigates to fight in the Battle of Scheveningen. Possibly, the reason that Badiley's Paragon did not take part was that the crew was mutinous.

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