English Captain: John Aylett

John Aylett served in both the Commonwealth and Restoration navy. An Aylett family website has information about him. He lived from 1628 to 1669, according to the website. He lived in Boston, Masschusetts "in the early 1650s". In 1655 or 56, he was captured by the Spanish. He was eventually freed and returned to England. He joined the navy and was given command of the 5th Rate Conventry from 1658 to 1660 up to the Restoration when he was dismissed. He returned to the navy in 1664, when the Duke of York appointed him to command the hired ship John and Katherine. He commanded her from 9 September 1664 until 20 January 1665. After that, he commanded the Portland. He fought in the Battle Lowestoft, in June 1665, where he was assigned to Prince Rupert's division in the White Squadron. He fought in the Four Days' Battle, where he was assigned to Sir George Ayscue's division in the White Squadron. Frank Fox says that John Aylett was one of six captains dismissed after the battle. The Portland was damaged in a collision, and he put into Harwich on Saturday, 3 June, during the battle. In 1668, he was appointed to command the Forester. The family website says that he was killed when the old 5th Rate Oxford had been given to the Governor of Jamaica in 1668. In 1669, she exploded killing those who attended a Council of War, including John Aylett. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
2. R. C. Anderson, Lists of Men-of-War 1650-1700: Part I English Ships 1649-1702, 1966.
3. Frank Fox, "Hired Men-of-War, 1664-7", Part II, The Mariner's Mirror Vol.84 No.2 (May 1998).

English Captain: Thomas Ewens

Thomas Ewens served in the Restoration navy. In 1664, the Duke of York appointed him as captain of the Kent. In June 1665, he fought in the Four Days' Battle, where he was assigned to Robert Sansum's division in the White Squadron. From December 1665 until March 1666, he was with Sir Jeremy Smith's Tangier fleet. In 1666, he joined the fleet in the Four Days' Battle sometime in the period of 3-4 June (old style). In late May, he had taken a prize and he sent it to the Downs to the flagship with the message that a Swede had reported that 75 Dutch warships had sailed from the Texel on 21 May and another 18 warships from Zeeland. King Charles II received the report in London, after in arrive late on 30 May. The Kent was rumoured to have surrendered and to have been recaptured. In any case, Thomas Ewens was dismissed from the service after the battle for cowardice. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Humphrey Connisby (or Consby)

Humphrey Connisby (or Consby) served in the Restoration navy. In 1660, he was appointed as Lieutenant of the Assistance. In 1661, he was appointed as Lieutenant of the St. George. He was promoted to Captain in 1662 and given command of the Sorlings. In 1663, he was appointed as captain of the Guernsey. Thomas Allin's journal indicates that in June 1664, Humphrey Connisby was operating with Allin in the Mediterranean area. In June 1665, he fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was assigned to Sir George Ayscue's division in the Blue Squadron. He was discharged from the service by the Duke of York in 1665, presumably for not doing well at the Battle of Lowestoft. By August, he was gone from the navy. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Robert Hatubb

Robert Hatubb served in the Restoration navy. He commanded the hired ship George (40 guns) from 18 February 1665 until 28 September. He was apparently appointed as a captain in 1664, but the George was not hired until early 1665. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was assigned to Sir William Berkeley's division in the Red Squadron. During the operation against Bergen, he was with the main fleet, and not present. He took part in the actions of 3 and 9 September 1665, shortly before his ship was paid off. Robert Hatubb was apparently not employed again, although he seems to be performed credibly. He at least was not courtmartialed or dismissed. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. Frank Fox, "Hired Men-of-War, 1664-7", Part II, The Mariner's Mirror Vol.84 No.2 (May 1998).
3. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Arnold Brown

Arnold Browne definitely served in the Restoration navy. Someone named Arnold Browne commanded the hired ship London in 1653, so perhaps that was the same man. Anderson's Mariner's Mirror article called him Arthur Browne, but the list of captains from 1642 to 1660 was done much later, so that list is more authoritative. Arnold (or Arthur) Browne fought in the Battle of the Gabbard where he was assigned to James Peacock's division in the Red Squadron. In 1661, Arnold Browne was appointed to command the 3rd Rate Dunkirk. In 1663, he was operating under Thomas Allin's command in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1664, he was appointed to command the 3rd Rate Anne. He was dismissed from the service sometime in 1664. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, "English Fleet-Lists in the First Dutch War," The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.XXIV No.4, October 1938.
2. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.I 1660-1666, 1939.
3. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
4. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
5. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.

English Captain: Richard Hodges

Richard Hodges served in the Commonwealth and Restoration navies. In 1654, he commanded the 5th Rate Basing. From 1654 to 1655, he commanded the Dutch prize Rosebush. From 1657 until 1660, he was back in command of the Basing. At the Restoration, the Basing was renamed Guernsey. He continued in command of the Guernsey until 1662, when the Duke of York appointed him to command the Dutch prize Westergate (the former Friesland ship Westergo). In 1664, he was appointed to command the Swallow (46 guns). He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, whre he was assigned to the Earl of Sandwich's division in the Blue Squadron. From December 1665 until March 1666, he was at Tangier in Sir Jeremy Smith's fleet. In June 1666, he fought in the Four Days' Battle, where he was assigned to Sir Christopher Myngs' division in Prince Rupert's squadron. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
2. R. C. Anderson, Lists of Men-of-War 1650-1700: Part I English Ships 1649-1702, 1966.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Naval Officer: Robert Wilkinson

Robert Wilkinson served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, the Duke of York had appointed him as captain of the Dutch prize Charity (46 guns) (the former Amsterdam Directors' ship Groote Liefde). He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft in June 1665. He was assigned to the Duke of York's division in the Red Squadron. In the initial passes in the battle, the Charity and John & Abigail got caught on the far side of the Dutch fleet, opposite from the English side, and was taken. Several ships had gotten too far to leeward. Frank Fox writes that Robert Wilkinson "foolishly tacked and threw his ship squarely in the path of the enemy". Frank also writes that Robert Wilkinson had fought hard in defence of his ship, but the Charity was boarded and taken. He was finally appointed as Lieutenant of the Dragon by Prince Rupert in 1672. Later in 1672, he was appointed as First Lieutenant of the Newcastle. Finally, on 30 June 1678, the King appointed him as First Lieutenant of the 2nd Rate Royal Katherine. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Naval Officer: John Waterworth

John Waterworth served in the Restoration navy. In 1662, he was appointed Lieutenant of the 3rd Rate Fairfax. In 1664, he was appointed Lieutenant of the three ships, in turn: the 3rd Rate Bristol, the 3rd Rate Resolution, and the 2nd Rate Swiftsure. In 1665, he was appointed as Captain of the Dutch prize Bear (42 guns). He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was assigned to Robert Sansum's division in the White Squadron. Later in 1665, he was appointed as Captain of the Bonaventure (48 guns). In June 1666, he fought in the Four Days' Battle, where he was assigned to Sir Christopher Myngs' division in Prince Rupert's squadron. Later in 1666, the Duke of Albemarle and Prince Rupert appointed him Captain of the Dunkirk. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle on 25 July 1666 (old style), where he was assigned to Sir Thomas Teddiman's division in the White Squadron. In 1668, the Duke of York appointed him Captain of the St. David. Later in 1668, he became commander of the 3rd Rate Princess. In 1669, he was appointed Captain of the old 4th Rate Constant Warwick. In 1672, he was appointed as Captain of the 3rd Rate Anne (58 guns). He was assigned to Sir John Harman's division in the Red Squadron. He was killed in the Battle of Solebay on 28 May 1672 (Old Style). Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. Julian S. Corbett, "A Note on the Drawings in the Possession of The Earl of Dartmouth Illustrating The Battle of Solebay May 28, 1672 and The Battle of the Texel August 11, 1673", 1908.
3. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: John Elliot

John Elliot was a fireship commander in the Restoration navy. He commanded the Tulip fireship in 1666. Later in the year, he commanded the Fox fireship. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle in the Fox. He was attached to the Red Squadron. On 9 and 10 August, he took part in the attack on the Vlie, under the command of Sir Robert Holmes. In 1667, he commanded the Robert fireship. Much later, the King appointed him to command the Castle fireship on 1 February 1678 (they thought the year was 1677, in the Old Style). He was apparently dismissed from the service about 1679, but I am not able to find out why. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Naval Officer: Thomas Gardiner

Thomas Gardiner served in the Restoration navy. He started as Lieutenant of the 2nd Rate Henry in 1666. Later in 1666, he was appointed as Lieutenant of the Tiger. In 1668, the Duke of York appointed him as Lieutenant of the Bristol. In 1672, Prince Rupert appointed him as Captain of the Barnaby (apparently a hired merchant ship). He is mentioned in John Narborough's journal in September 1672. John Narborough wrote that on 2 September 1672, Thomas Gardiner, in the Barnaby, was sent to Harwich "to convoy the victuallers". In 1673, the King appointed him Captain of the Falcon. On 5 November 1677, the King appointed him Captain of the Assistance. Thomas Gardiner died in 1679. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Naval Officer: Thomas Berry

Thomas Berry served in the Restoration navy. In 1672, he was appointed as Lieutenant of the Hampshire. In 1673, Prince Rupert appointed him as captain of the Dartmouth. Later in 1673, he was discharged from the service by courtmartial. On 12 August 1678, Sir John Narborough appointed him as Second Lieutenant of the Plymouth. That must have worked out well enough that the Commissioners appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Foresight. On 11 April 1682, the Commissioners appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Gloucester. Not very much later, on 15 June 1682, the Commmissioners appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Henrietta. On 11 May 1687, the King appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Anne. This is somewhat suspect, as the entry is out of order by date. the next entry shows him appointed by Lord Dartmouth as Captain and Master of the Ann yacht on 5 February 1684 (they thought it was 1683, in the old style). On 14 April 1685, he was appointed by the King as First Lieutenant of the Oxford. On 4 April 1688, the King appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Dover. Only a month later, on 3 May 1688, the King appointed him as Captain of the Deptford ketch (10 guns). The Deptford ketch was wrecked on the coast of Virginia on 26 August 1689 with almost all hands, including Captain Thomas Berry. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Hugh Hide

Hugh Hide served in the Restoration navy. He was appointed captain of the 4th Rate Adventure in 1661. In 1662, he was appointed to command the 5th Rate Richmond. In 1663, he was appointed to command the old prize, the Guinea frigate. In 1664, he was appointed to command the 4th Rate Jersey (48 guns). He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was assigned to Sir George Ayscue's division in the Blue Squadron. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Charles Howard (Haward)

According to Frank Fox, Charles Howard (or Haward) served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, the Duke of York appointed him to command the yacht Merlin. Charles Howard apparently took command of the Garland sometime after the Battle of Lowestoft. In early June 1666, he was at Plymouth, where he was assigned to the Western Station. On 25 July 1666, his ship was lying in the Thames-Medway area, needing more men. He commanded the Garland (28 guns) in the attack on the Vlie on 9 to 10 August 1666. In 1672, he was appointed as lieutenant of the Assistance. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

More about the capture of the Elias, Leiden, and Klein Harder

On 25 December 1666, a force of English warships fought five Dutch frigates and took three. The ships captured were the Leiden (built in 1647), the Klein Harder (probably built in 1658), and the Elias (built in 1665). The Leiden and the Klein Harder seem to have been burnt, while the Elias was taken into the English service. The English warships included the Warspite (Robert Robinson), Jersey, Diamond, St. Patrick, Nightingale, and Oxford. They were to convoy home a fleet of merchantmen from Gothenburg. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. A. Vreugdenhil, Ships of the United Netherlands 1648-1702, 1938.

English Captain: Richard Goodlad

Richard Goodlad served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, the Duke of York appointed him captain of the 5th Rate Pembroke (28 guns). On 25 July 1666, he was at Harwich with his ship, ready for sea. On 9 to 10 August 1666, he took part in the attack on the Vlie commanded by Sir Robert Holmes. Later in 1666, the Duke appointed him as captain of the 4th Rate Foresight. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Charles O'Bryan

Charles O'Bryan served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, he was appointed by the Duke of Albemarle as lieutenant of the Jersey (48 guns). Later in 1665, he was appointed by the Duke of York as Second Captain of the Royal Charles, the fleet flagship. From there, he was appointed by the Duke of York as captain of the Dutch prize West-Friesland. In June 1666, his ship was lying in the Thames without a crew, as they had been removed to improve the manning of other ships. On 25 July 1666 (old style), he fought in the St. James's Day Battle, where he commanded the Advice (48 guns). He was assigned to Sir Edward Spragge's division in the Blue Squadron. On 9 to 10 August 1666, he took part in the raid on the Vlie, under the command of Sir Robert Holmes. In 1668, he was appointed captain of the Leopard. I do not have a source which mentions his service after taking command of the Leopard, or even that indicates on what date he took command. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Robert Holmes' squadron in the attack on the Vlie 9-10 August 1666 (old style)

This the composition of Sir Robert Holmes's squadron in the attack on Vlieland and the ships in the Vlie, from Frank Fox in his book, The Distant Storm:

Ship         Guns Crew Commander

Tiger        40   180  Robert Holmes, John Wetwang as flag captain
Advice       48   180* Charles O'Bryan
Hampshire    42   160  William Coleman
Dragon       40   160  Thomas Room Coyle
Assurance    38   150  John Narborough
Sweepstakes  36   140  Francis Sanders
Fountain     36   130  Thomas Leggatt
Garland      28   110  Charles Howard
Pembroke     28   110  Richard Goodlad
Fanfan, yacht 2    30  William Harris

Fireships

Bryar        12    16  Joseph Paine
Richard       4    16  Henry Brown
Lizard        6    14  Joseph Harris
Fox           6    12  John Elliot
Samuel        4    12  William Seale

Dutch Captain: Jacob de Reus

Jacob de Reus served the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft in June 1665, where he commanded the Marseveen. The Marseveen was quite large, having dimensions of 170ft x 39ft x 18-1/4ft. The Marseveen had been completed in 1660. At the time of the Battle of Lowestoft, she carried 78 guns, consisting of 4-24pdr, 24-18pdr, 6-12pdr, 20-8pdr, 22-4pdr, and 2-steenstukken. The Marseveen was assigned to Lt-Admiral van Wassenaer's 1st Squadron. At 6pm, at the end of the battle, the Marseveen (78 guns), Ter Goes (46 guns), and Zwanenburg (30 guns) turned to fight the pursuing Blue Squadron. The fighting became so hot that the Marseveen was forced to turn, and ran aboard the other two ships, and became entangled. At that point, they surrendered to the Earl of Sandwich, but an over-eager English fireship commander, Captain Gregory, attacked the surrendered ships and burnt them. Of the three crews, there were about 100 survivors. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.

Dutch Captain: Cornelis de Rechter

Cornelis de Rechter (or Karsten de Rechtere) served the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he commanded the fine ship Huis te Zwieten (70 guns). Frank Fox described the Huis te Zwieten as the best Dutch ship captured by the English. He served with De Ruyter's fleet in August 1665, and then was at sea with the fleet in early September. He was assigned to Tjerk Hiddes de Vries's squadron. The Dutch fleet had become scattered, and the Huis te Zwieten was one of four VOC ships taken by the English by early 9 September. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.

Rotterdam ships: 1828 to 1632

I made this chart in early 2003 of Rotterdam ships from the period 1628 to 1632 (or should it be 1633?):

Ship                             1628   1629   1630   1631   1632

Ewer, jacht or frigate, 50 lasts X      X             X      X
Salamander  110 lasts            X      X      X      X      X
Leeuw  180 lasts                 X      X      X      X      X
Leeuwinne  170 lasts             X      X      X      X      X
Prins Hendrick  170 lasts               X      X      X      X
Sonne (Zon)  170 lasts                  X      X
Grasmeijer  140 lasts                   X      X      X      X
Sint Jacob, boat 50 or 80 lasts  X             X      X      X
Amelia  100 lasts                                     X      X
Neptunis                         X      X      X      X      X
Dolphijn                         X      X      X      X      X
Orangieboom                      X      X      X      X      X
Groene Draeck  150 lasts         X      X      X      X
Eendracht                        X      X      X      X      X
Swarten Leeuw  110 lasts         X      X      X      X      X
Zeekalf                          X      X             X      X
Vliegende Arent                  X      X      X      X      X
Tonijn                           X      X      X      X      X
Jonas                            X      X      X      X      X
Keijser Carol  170 lasts                X      X      X      X
Cleyne Orangieboom  100 lasts    X             X      X       
Wafende Maen  140 lasts          X      X      X      X      X
Oude Abraham  170 lasts          X      X      X      X      X
Prins Willem                                          X      X
Tijger                                                X
Postpaert  100 lasts             X      X      X      X       
Bruijnvisch  120 lasts           X      X      X             X
Cleyne Neptunis                  X      X      X             X?
Gelderlant  180 lasts            X      X                     
Swarten Arent, jacht 100 lasts   X      X      X
Sint Antonis  60 lasts           X      X
Zeeridder  180 lasts             X      X
Engel  60 lasts                                       X      X
Sint Anthonis  140 lasts         X
Drie Coningen  130 lasts         X
Dubbele Arent                    X

This is based on a number of documents from the Nationaal Archief that I received in early 2003.

Dutch Captain: Cornelis Muts

Cornelis Muts served the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC (the East-India Company). In 1665, he fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he commanded the ship Beurs van Amsterdam (52 guns). He was assigned to Vice-Admiral Volkert Schram's 7th Squadron. There is an excellent drawing of his ship in Frank Fox's book, A Distant Storm, on page 94. The Beurs van Amsterdam had an unusually high head, turned way up, for better seagoing on the voyage around the Cape of Good Hope. He was still with the fleet in August, now under the command of Michiel De Ruyter. In August, Cornelis Muts was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's 3rd Squadron. He still commanded the Beurs van Amsterdam. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.

Dutch Naval Officer: Jean Baptiste de Graef

Jean Baptiste de Graef served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He commanded the fireship Gouden Appel (which had a crew of 24 men) in the attack on Chatham. He was said to have "lost his courage" during the operation. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.II, 1859.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst tocht naar Chatham", 2005.

The flag used by the Spanish Dunkirkers

The Spanish Dunkirkers flew the ragged cross of Burgundy on their ships. I had first become familiar with this flag when I was researching a portrait of Abraham van der Hulst that showed a ship in the background with a lion on the upper stern and flying the ragged cross flag of Dunkirk. We never were able to find the motivation behind the ship with the Dunkirk flag, but there must have been some personal connection to Abraham van der Hulst. There are paintings of what may be Witte de With's fight with Michiel Doorn from circa 1640. This is another. There is a very good Van de Velde drawing reproduced in Dr. De Boer's book about Tromp and the Dunkirkers. I have not been able to find a copy online. Thanks to Andrew for pointing this out to me.

I just ordered some of the useful references for the Dutch navy from 1688 and later

I just ordered some books that cover the Dutch navy from 1688 and later. That has been a weak part of my library. If De Jonge does not cover a naval officer, I have no other options for men who were not flag officers. These are what I ordered:

1. De admiraliteit van Amsterdam in rustige jaren, 1713-1751 : regenten en financiën, schepen en zeevarenden, Bruijn, J.R.
2. De vloot van den Koning-Stadhouder 1689-1690, WARNSINCK, J.C.M.
3. THE DEFEAT OF JAMES STUART'S ARMADA 1692, Aubrey, Philip.

Dutch Captain: Jacob Kleyburg

Jacob Kleyburg served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He lived from 1666 until 1712. Unfortunately, De Jonge does not list him, so all I know is what is listed by Heinsius. Sources:

1. Anthonie Heinsius (Institut voor Nederlandse Zeegeschiedenis), Brieven van Anthonie Heinsius 1702-1720.

Dutch Captain: Pieter Constant

Pieter Constant served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was appointed captain in 1676. He set sail on 16 March 1676 from the Texel, headed for Cayenne under the command of Jacob Binckes. Pieter Constant commanded the Zeelandia (44 guns). The Zeelandia was the ship commanded by Jacob Huyrluyt and then Nicolaes Marrevelt in the First Anglo-Dutch War. On 5 May, he took part in the capture of Cayenne. On 31 May, Binckes ships removed the populace from the island Marie Galante. On 15 July, they took 7 prizes. On 26 September, they attacked Tobago. On 3 March 1677, the French squadron under the command of D'Estrees attacked Tobago, and the Zeelandia was stranded and burnt by the French. De Jonge has a good map of the battle. Pieter Constant was severely wounded, to the bone, a wound that took years to heal. In 1682, he commanded the Cornelia (46 guns) which was employed as a convoyer in the Mediterranean Sea. On 17 November 1683, he sailed to Algiers, in the Cornelia, to liberate slaves by buying their freedom. This account relies heavily on my translation of Carl Stapel's document. Sources:

1. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Ships 1600-1700", 2005.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.II, 1859.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Pieter Constant", 2005.

Peter's alternate site for the Dutch Navy

I noticed this for the first time, this morning: Peter's Alternate Site for the Dutch Navy (the site is in Dutch: "de Alternatieve site over onze Koninklijke Marine").

Dutch Naval Officer: Carel Godin

Carel Godin served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He was born in Utrecht on 2 March 1677 and died about 1734. He was lord of St. Laurens. He was promoted to Captain either on 27 October 1702 or perhaps 1706. In 1707, he helped to bombard Toulon. He commanded the Veere (58 guns). Afterwards, he was in Van Wassenaer's small group of ships that went to Genoa. Here, he ship is listed as having 56 guns. He was on an expedition against Algiers in 1721. He commanded the ship Nassau (52 guns and a crew of 320 men). He was appointed as a Schout-bij-Nacht either on 1 January or 20 October 1722. He went to Algiers in 1723 to conclude peace. He flew his flag on the Sandenburg (42 guns with a crew of 250 men). The Dey of Algiers refused, though. On 9 January 1730, he was appointed as Vice-Admiral. Sources:

1. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.

One tidbit from the 15 July 1652 list of the Dutch fleet

One of the documents that I received early in 2005 was a list of the fleet commanded by Tromp on 15 July 1652. That list is similar enough to what is in Hendrick de Raedt's pamphlet for 4 August 1652, there is not much new. One thing that got my attention was that Lt-Commandeur Nicolaes Marrevelt commanded Captain Huyrluyt's ship. That was the Zeelandia (36 guns). Presumably, Nicolaes Marrevelt had been Jacob Huyrluyt's lieutenant in the famous incident off the Start where Anthony Young had stopped the convoyers and 7 straatsvaarders. Shots were exchanged, and eventually, Anthony Young let the convoy proceed. Some reports say that there were three Dutch warships convoying the 7 rich merchantmen, but we only know the names of two: the Zeelandia (36 guns) commanded by Jacob Huyrluyt and the Campen (38 guns) commanded by Joris van der Zaan.

Dutch warships at Scalaway after the storm in August 1652

The Dutch fleet, under the command of Lt-Admiral Tromp was caught in a strong storm off the Shetland islands in early August 1652. Some of the ships took shelter at Scalaway, after the storm. This is the list of those ships, from Hendrick de Raedt's pamphlet:

In Schalaway (somewhat speculative, as the names are often misspelled):

Key: 
A      = Admiralty of Amsterdam
A-Dir  = Amsterdam Directors
Ed-Dir = Edam Directors (Noorderkwartier)
Ha-Dir = Harlingen Directors (Friesland)
Ho-Dir = Hoorn Directors (Noorderkwartier)
R      = Admiralty of Rotterdam (the Maze)
Ve-Dir = Veere Directors

Rank       Commander                      Adm/Dir guns crew Ship    
commandeur Auke Balck                     A       46   150  Vrijheid            
kapitein   Jan Olivierszoon               Ve-Dir  38   125  Wapen ter Veere               
kapitein   Dirck Pater                    A-Dir   28   105  Blauwe Arend
kapitein   Gerbrandt Schatter             A       26    95  Dolphijn
kapitein   Jan Jansz Boermans             A       28   100  Prins Willem
kapitein   Cornelis Naeuoogh              A-Dir   34   125  Sint Mattheus
kapitein   Hendrik Ernestus de Bertrij    R       ?    ?    Hollandia
kapitein   Ariaen Heeres Cleyntie         Ha-Dir  28   100  Vergulde Pelicaen
kapitein   Cornelis Janszoon Poort        A-Dir   34   125  Kroon Imperiael
kapitein   Dirck Juynbol                  R       30   131  Gelderland
kapitein   Quirijn van den Kerckhoff      R       26   110  Maria
kapitein   Frederick Bogaert              A-Dir   28   115  Engel Michiel
kapitein   Bruijn van Seelst              A-Dir   38   135  Groote Liefde
kapitein   Cornelis Jansz Brouwer         A-Dir   28   105  Valck
kapitein   Jacob Pieterszoon Hoeck (Houck)Ho-Dir  30   110  Sampson
kapitein   Bastiaen Bardoel               A-Dir   28   110  Engel Gabriel
kapitein   Andries Douweszoon Pascaert    Ha-Dir  28   105  Sint Vincent
kapitein   Jacob Syvertsen Spanheym       A-Dir   34   120  Elias
kapitein   Jan Frederikszoon Houckboot    Ed-Dir  30   110  Vergulde Meerman
kapitein   Hendrick de Raedt              A-Dir   28   130  Zwarte Leeuw
kapitein   Leendert Haecxwant             R       22    90  Utrecht
commandeur Allert Adriaenszoon            R       ?    ?    Sint Jacob, fireship        

This is based on the list in Hendrick de Raedt's pamphlet, from the Maritiem Museum Prins Hendrik, in Rotterdam and annotated from my research results.

Dutch Naval Officer Hendrik de Grave

Hendrik de Grave served the Admiralty of the Maze. He was born in Amsterdam on 5 December 1670 and died there on 25 March 1749. He was appointed as a lieutenant in 1691. In 1698, he was promoted to Extra-Ordinary Captain. In 1713, he was promoted to Captain. He was sent in 1716 to the North. Czar Peter recognized his service, where he distinguished himself. In 1722, he was appointed as a Schout-bij-Nacht, and commanded an expedition to Algiers. He complained about the weakness of his squadron. He commanded similar expeditions to Algiers in 1728 and 1729. On 8 May 1744, he was appointed as a Lieutenant-Admiral and as fleet commander. He commanded a relieve squadron to England during 1744 and 1745. Sources:

1. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.

Dutch Naval Officer: Jan Corneliszoon Ockerse

Jan Corneliszoon Ockerse served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He was born in Zierikzee on 17 November 1673 and he died at Middelburg on 10 June 1740. He was appointed as a captain in 1698. He commanded in the attack on Vigo Bay in 1702. He also took part in the capture of Gibraltar in 1704 and Barcelona in 1705. He commanded the Katwijk (72 guns) at Gibraltar. He fought in the Battle of Velez Malaga on 23 August 1704, still in the Katwijk. In 1705, he captured the French ship le Marquis (56 guns). In 1718 or 1719, he was promoted to Schout-bij-Nacht. On 25 July 1721, he was promoted to Vice-Admiral. On 9 January 1730, he was promoted to Lieutenant-Admiral. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
3. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1860.

Dutch Captain: Isaac Sweers de Jonge

Isaac Sweers, the son of the famous admiral, lived from 3 December 1671 to 5 November 1732. He was promoted to captain in 1696. He was hurt in the fight with Jean Bart's squadron during his attack on the eastern fleet. Sources:

1. Anthonie Heinsius, De Brieven van Anthonie Heinsius 1702-1720.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1860.
3. Annette Sweerts, "Some people and families around the Dutch family Sweers (Sweerts de Landas)", 2001.

Dutch Captain: Matthias Boudaen

Matthias Boudaen served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He was born in Amsterdam on 21 January 1674 and died there on 3 March 1722. In 1696, he was appointed as an extra-ordinary captain. In 1698, he was promoted to captain. In 1703, in the Overijssel, he overtook one of Duguay-Trouin's ships. He commanded at Gibraltar in 1704 and at Barcelona in 1705. He helped relieve Gibraltar twice. The French ship l'Arrogant struck to him. He also took l'Ardent. He joined the Mediterranean Sea fleet in 1708. He accompanied an English squadron through the straits of Gibraltar. He helped to captured two Spanish galleons in 1710. He convoyed merchant ships to Spain and Portugal. In 1717, he was appointed as a Schout-bij-Nacht. He gave advice about building better sailing ships in 1721. Sources:

1. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1860.
3. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.

Lists of the Dutch fleet

I have a number of lists of captains, and sometimes guns and crew, as well, in the Dutch fleet in 1652. One list is from 15 July 1652, prior to the storm in the Shetlands. That is somewhat similar to the list in Hendrick de Raedt's pamphlet (from the Prins Hendrik Museum in Rotterdam). I also have alist from 20 September 1652 that has some nuggets that are not available anywhere else. We also know that there is a list, in a pamphlet, of the fleet on 30 June 1652. As usual, the process of transcribing and analyzing is timeconsuming.

An example of what is in the 20 September 1652 list follows:

Capitein Cornelis Jacobsz. Brouwer, 't ship de Vergulde Valck, ingecomen den 20 dito, helst onder boort 21 Meij, van 110 coppen. Volck victualen... [the rest is unintelligible].

As usual, reading one of the documents takes time, as often, it takes days or weeks to recognize the squiggles as words in archaic Dutch. (Admittedly, this example leaves something to be desired).

Dutch Captain: Jan (or Jacob?) van der Goes

Jacob van der Goes served the Admiralty of the Maze. In 1696, he commanded the Maas (or Maze) (72 guns) in the fleet commanded by Philips van Almonde. He was assigned to Philips van Almonde's squadron. I am somewhat confused, because there is also mentioned a Jan van der Goes. De Jonge's list for 1696 clearly identifies the captain of the Maze as Jacob van der Goes. However, the index only mentions Jan van der Goes. We also know that in May 1699 and in 1700, Jan van der Goes commanded the Wassenaer (60 guns). In 1699, he was in the convoy service in the Mediterranean Sea, and in 1700 was still in the Mediterranean. He helped to take Carthagena in 1706. He helped to strengthen Port Mahon until the place was forced to surrender. In 1708 and 1709, he was with the winter fleet. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1860.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Wassenaar 1693", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Andries Stilte

Andries Stilte served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1686, he commanded the frigate Oudkarspel (36 guns). In that year, he refused to let the French search his ship. In 1688, still commanding the Oudkarspel, he was in the fleet that carried Willem III to England. In 1692, the Oudkarspel ran aground in the Slenk as was sunk. In 1693, he was with the Allied squadron in the Mediterranean Sea under the command of Sir George Rooke. He fought in the Battle of the Smyrna fleet, where he commanded the Gelderland (72 guns). Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.

Dutch Naval Officer: Jacob de Jongh

Jacob de Jongh was born in Enkhuizen about 1640. He died at Enkhuizen on 4 December 1718. He served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. He was appointed as a lieutenant in 1665. He was promoted to Captain in either 1674 or 1688. He must have been the commander of the Noorderkwartier (68 guns) in the Battle of La Hougue in June 1692. He also must have commanded the Maagd van Enkhuizen (72 guns) in 1696 with the fleet commanded by Philips van Almonde. On 23 October 1699, he was appointed as Schout-bij-Nacht. In 1705, he was in the fleet in the Mediterranean Sea. On 11 April 1709, he was appointed as Vice-Admiral. On 17 Ferbruary 1713, he was appointed as Lieutenant-Admiral. Sources:

1. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
3. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.

Dutch Captain: Gerrit Hooft

Gerrit Hooft served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1688, he commanded the Nijmegen (46 guns) in the fleet that took Willem III to England. In July 1689, he was in a group of three frigates commanded by Paulus van der Dussen. They fought a sharp action against four Dunkirkers not far from the Texel. Gerrit Hooft was unlucky to be killed by a cannonball. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.

The attack on the Smyrna Fleet in June 1693

A large fleet of merchant ships from England, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden sailed for the Mediterranean Sea, convoyed by a force commanded by Sir George Rooke. The fleet was commonly called the "Smyrna Fleet". The convoying force was a mixed fleet of English and Dutch warships:

Ship                 Guns Commander

Royal Oak              64 Gerard Elwes, flagship of
                          Vice-Admiral Sir George Rooke
Breda                  62 flagship of Rear-Admiral Thomas Hopsonn
Monmouth               58 Peter Pickard
Lumley Castle (M)      56 George Meester
Monck                  52 Stafford Fairborne
Lion                   52 Thomas Gardner
Loyal Merchant (M)     50 Philip Harris
Princess Anne (M)      48 William Wakelin
Tiger Prize            48 Robert Sincock
Woolwich               46 Christopher Myngs
Newcastle              46 John Baker
Chatham                44 John Leader
Smyrna Factor (M)      40 Edward Littleton
Sheerness              28 John Norris
Lark                   16 Peter Wotton
Admiraal Generaal      84 Rear-Admiral P. van der Goes
Gelderland             72 Andries Stilte
Zeeland                64 Philip Schrijver
Wapen van Medemblik    64 Juriaan van der Poel
Oost-Stellingwerf      52 ?
Nijmegen               50 ?
Schiedam               50 W. van Rechteren
Wapen van den Schermer 44 ?
Salamander, bomb vessel   ?
Suzanna, bomb vessel      ?
Dispatch, brigantine    2 Thomas Peacok
Speedwell, fireship     8 Thomas Simonds
Vulture, fireship       8 William Lindsey
Muscovia Merchant, storeship
                        Daniel Parsons
two Dutch fireships

The battle went badly for the Allies, as two Dutch ships were lost, the Wapen van Medemblik and the Zeeland, as well as 92 merchantships "taken, burnt, or sunk". The result could have been worse, if the French captains had followed Tourville's orders. The battle was fought near Lagos, Portugal and Cape St. Vincent. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Lists of Men-of-War 1650-1700: Part I English Ships 1649-1702, 1966.
2. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
3. A. Vreugdenhil, Ships of the United Netherlands 1648-1702, 1938.

From my translation of an article from Oud-Holland 17

This is the start of my translation of this article:

The First War with England and W. van de Velde the Elder 1) by P. Haverkorn van Rijsewijk

Translated by James Bender

The battle near Folkestone between Maarten Tromp and Blake, on 19 May 1652, was followed in July by the first war between the Netherlands and England. It began under unfavorable circumstances for our land. The Dutch fleet was weaker than the English and was hampered by the merchant fleets, which were given to them and furthermore by the administration here that was as bad as that in England was good. The war took an unfortunate turn in July when Tromp set to see from the Zeeland coast. He wanted to attack Ayscue, who was near the Downs, watching for Dutch merchant vessels. Adverse winds, however, impacted execution of his plan. After that, he wanted to follow Blake, who went to the North Sea to destroy the Dutch herring fleet. Storms prevented him from doing this, as well. On 16 August he headed homeward with undone business. His actions had failed so badly that his policies were subjected to intense scrutiny. He was dismissed and Witte Corneliszoon de With was appointed in his place.

In the beginning of August, M. A. De Ruijter sailed with a Zeeland squadron to escort a merchant fleet through the Channel. On 26 August he beat Ayscue near Plymouth. This was the first battle in this war and the last of Ayscue. Against the return of De Ruijter, Blake sailed, after defeating a French fleet near Calais on 14 September. In the Channel, he united with Penn, to combine against De Ruijter. This threat to the county was foreseen and a fleet was collected near the Wielings, under the command of Vice-Admiral Witte Corneliszoon de With. De Ruijter passed Penn in the night, unobserved, and on 2 October, near Dunkirk and Nieuport, he met the dispatched fleet. On 8 October, the State's fleet was seen, not far from the Kentish Knock, somewhat North of Blake's fleet, which was somewhat more numerous. Blake immediately sailed their way, with great resolve. They had the advantage of the wind, larger ships with larger cannons. The Dutch made the initial mistake of firing at the masts and sails, rather than the ship hulls. When about 20 captains, mostly Zeelanders, fled, so Blake achieved the victory and sailed triumphantly back to England, while the defeated Dutch fleet turned back toward Goeree on 10 October.

One result of this defeat was that Maarten Harpertsz. Tromp was restored as commander of the fleet. On 1 December he set sail to sea fro the Meuse, burned with merchant vessels destined for Bordeaux to get wine. Jan Evertsen operated near him with some warships and 70 merchant vessels. By that time, our fleet was comprised of approximately 90 ships, 8 fireships, and some small craft, accompanied by more than 400 merchant vessels. On the 4th or 5th of December, they anchored at the latitude of Dunkirk. On the 9th, Tromp was near the Southern entrance to the Downs, where Blake was situated. He left his hiding place, however due to the change of wind, he had to anchor at the latitude of Dover. Tromp was near the same area, only to the leewards, on the next afternoon, about 3 o'clock, when the two fleets started fighting near Dungeness, near the Singels. The Dutch were now more powerful than the English, and twenty ships, mostly hired merchant vessels, and were with Blake during the encounter. These had to turn toward Dover, and on the next day, he was back in the downs, where the most ships were there in the Thames. After his victory, Tromp accompanied the merchant vessels to the Isle of Rhé, taking several English prizes along the way. He stayed near Bordeaux to wait for the returning merchant fleet.

Dutch Captain: Christiaan Bernhard, Graaf van Bentheim

Christiaan Bernhard, Graaf van Bentheim served the Admiralty of Amstedam. In 1683, he served as a volunteer in the fleet. He fought in the Battle of La Hougue, where he commanded the Edam (50 guns). He was assigned to Philips van Almonde's division. In 1694, he was sent to Carthagena in the West Indies. In 1696, he served with the fleet under the command of Philips van Almonde, where he commanded the ship Zeeland (64 guns). In the West Indies, he captured the Spanish San Christo. He died of disease in 1697. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst La Hogue 2 juni 1692", 2005.

Dutch Naval Officer: Jacob Jan van Cooperen (or Koperen)

Jacob Jan van Cooperen (or Koperen) served the Admiralty of the Maze. He was born in Rotterdam in 1669 and died there in December 1732. He was appointed as a lieutenant on 27 July 1690. On 20 February 1691, he was appointed as a captain-lieutenant-at-sea. In 1693, he was promoted to extra-ordinary captain. On 15 February 1698, he was promoted to full captain. He fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay, where he commanded the Wassenaar (60 guns). Finally, on 22 September 1713, he was appointed as a Schout-bij-Nacht by the Admiralty of the Maze. In 1706, he was one of the seamen who took part in the storming of Alicante. In 1708, he was part of the force that strengthed Lisbon. In 1711, he cruised on the coast of Catalonia. In 1711, he was sent to Naples and Tuscany. In 1714, he took his division to the Baltic. In 1725, he was sent to the Algerian coast. Sources:

1. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
3. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.
4. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Wassenaar 1693", 2005.

Dutch Naval Officer: Maarten Barentszoon Boom

Maarten Barentszoon Boom served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He was born on 7 January 1663 at Zierikzee and died on 21 November 1729 at Middelburg. He was appointed as a Kapitein-ter-Zee in 1691. On 2 June 1692, he fought in the Battle of Cape La Hougue, where he commanded the Goes (54 guns). In 1693, he captured a Dunkirk privateer. In 1697, he served with a squadron sent against Dunkirk. On 1 November 1706, he was promoted to Schout-bij-Nacht. In 1718, he was promoted to Vice-Admiral, and on 25 July 1721, he was promoted to Lieutenant-Admiral. Sources:

1. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst La Hogue 2 juni 1692", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Barend van der Pott

Barend van der Pott served the Admiralty of the Maze. He was born in Vlaardingen and in 1709 was 44 years old. In 1691 he was appointed as an Extra-ordinary captain and in 1695 he was appointed as an Ordinary Captain. In 1695, he commanded the frigate Rotterdam (34 guns) as a convoyer in the North Sea. In 1696, he was assigned to the service involved with protecting commerce at sea. He commanded the ship Schiedam (50 guns). On 22 October 1702, he fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay, where he commanded the Dordrecht (72 guns). He captured four Spanish galleons. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Rotterdam fregat 1695", 2005.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Voordrachten vlagofficieren in 1709", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Jan de la Palma

Jan de la Palma served the Admiralty of Zeeland. Andrew supplied his first name and I have not been able to confirm that. He joined the fleet on 4 June 1692, two days after the Battle of La Hougue. He commanded the ship Zierikzee (62 guns). In 1696, he commanded the Walcheren (72 guns) and served with the fleet under the command of Philips van Almonde. He signed a letter in 1701 to the admiralty, along with Cornelis Evertsen, Geleijn Evertsen, Schout-bij-Nacht Den Boer, and captains Wiltschut, Mosselman, De Mauregnault, and Boom. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
2. Doeke Roos, Twee Eeuwen Varen en Vechten 1550-1750, 2003.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst La Hogue 2 juni 1692", 2005.

More about Cornelis Adriaanszoon Cruijck

Dr. Elias has more about Cornelis Adriaanszoon Cruijck. Cornelis Arentszoon Cruijck served the East-Indian-Indian company, up to November 1652. At that time, he became captain of the Vogelstruijs (eventually taken by the English at the Battle of Portland). Later, he was appointed to the council and as assistant to Lord Obdam. He established himself later at Schiedam, where in 1665, he was appointed to the town cuncil. Later that year, he was placed on the council of deputies of their high majesties of the fleet. Sources:

1. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.VI, 1930.

The relief squadron sent to Brazil from 1650 to 1652

We know just a very little about the relief squadron sent to Brazil in the period from 1650 to 1652. The survivors returned home in May-June 1652, although some were lost in the process. This is the list of ships and captains as we know them:

M  ?                  ?          Marinus de Clerq         arrived at Rotterdam 25 June
M  Dolphijn           28 guns    Captain Schooneman?      arrived at Rotterdam 25 June
M  Nijmegen           26 guns    Paulus van den Kerckhoff sunk by the English  10 June
F  ?                  ?          Hendrick Janszoon Camp   ?
F  ?                  ?          Tjaert de Groot          arrived at the Texel 13 June
A  Gewapende Ruiter   36 guns    Boëtius Schaeff       Captured by the English 18 June
A  Aemelia            28 guns    Floris van Oy            arrived at Amsterdam 12 June
A  Graaf Willem       40 guns    Captain Tas              arrived at Amsterdam 20 June
A  Westfriesland      28 guns    Captain Boonacker        arrived at Amsterdam 20 June
Z  ?                  ?          Cornelis Loncq           arrived at Wielings  20 June

Sources:

1. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Ships 1600-1700", 2005.
2. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.
3. Admiralty of Rotterdam, list of ships from 26 February 1652.
4. website De Sneuper.
5. A. Vreugdenhil, Ships of the United Netherlands 1648-1702, 1938.

Dutch Captain: Calis

I do not have any record of Captain Calis's first name, but he served the Admiralty of Zeeland and fought in the Battle of Beachy Head in 1690. He commanded the ship Tholen (60 guns) and was assigned to Gerard Callenburgh's division in Cornelis Evertsen's squadron. His ship was one of those lost after the battle. His ship was burnt rather than let it fall into French custody. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.

Dutch Captain: Willem van der Zaan the younger

Willem van der Zaan, the younger, was the son of the great Dutch naval officer of the same name. Like his father, he served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. Willem van der Zaan was with the fleet that took Willem III to England in 1688 where he commanded the Maria Elizabeth (46 guns). On 27 July 1689, he was with the fleet in the Channel where he commanded a frigate or small ship of the line (from Andrew). On 30 June 1690, he fought in the Battle of Beachy Head, where he commanded the Agatha (50 guns). He was assigned to Gerard Callenburgh's division. He was killed in a heroic fight against Forbin's small unit in 1692. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.II, 1859.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst slag bij Bevesier 10 juli 1690", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Jan de Jongh

Jan de Jongh served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. At the Battle of La Hougue, on 2 June 1692, he commanded the ship Noorderkwartier (68 guns). In 1696, he commanded the ship Maagd van Enkhuizen (72 guns) and was with Geleijn Evertsen's squadron off Cadiz. In 1696, he also served in the fleet commanded by Philips van Almonde. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst La Hogue 2 juni 1692", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Justus Hoogenhoek

He served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1688, he commanded the frigate Damiaten (32 guns) and was the fleet that took Willem III to England. He was assigned to Lt-Admiral Scheper's squadron. He commanded the ship Hollandia built in 1683. On 2 June 1692, he commanded the Harderwijk (46 guns) at the Battle of La Hougue. He was assigned to Vice-Admiral Callenburgh's division. In 1693, he and his convoy were in danger, but escaped. He was in the Mediterranean Sea in 1697, and was part of a relief fleet sent to Carthagena. In 1697, Justus Hoogenhoek was in the Caribbean. He commanded the Hollandia (72 guns). He was part of a small unit, mostly English ships, that recaptured a Spanish prize, the San Christo, from the French. He was the fourth captain who had been on the voyage to the West Indies. Justus van Hoogenhoeck, who was one of the most experienced and brave commanders of this time period, of whom we have several times mentioned by De Jonge, came to an unfortunate end. With his ship Hollandia (72 guns), he returned to England in March 1698, where his ship would be repaired. They were caught in a strong storm and Hoogenhoeck and his crew were lost. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst La Hogue 2 juni 1692", 2005.
4. A. Vreugdenhil, Ships of the United Netherlands 1648-1702, 1938.

Dutch Captain: Arnold Manart

Arnold Manart served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In early 1686, he convoyed merchant ships to Spain. He and Willem van Ewyck, both with ships of 40 guns, were attacked by a French squadron. In 1688, he commanded the Schattershof (46 guns) in the fleet that took Willem III to England. In 1696, he took part in the third bombardment of Calais. Later in 1696, he was with the Dutch fleet in the Sound. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.
3. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Algemeen Zaakregister, 1862.

Dutch Captain: Philips (or Philip) Schrijver

Philips Schrijver served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. On 2 June 1692, he fought in the Battle of La Hougue, where he was assigned to Karel van der Putten's squadron. He commanded the Zeeland (64 guns). In June 1693, Philips Schrijver fought in the defence of the Smyrna convoy, under the command of Sir George Rook. He still commanded the Zeeland (64 guns). Philips Schrijver distinguished himself in this battle. He and Juriaan van der Poel tacked towards the land, trying to draw the French away from the convoy. After "a most desperate defence", their ships were taken. On 22 October 1702, he fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay, where he commanded the Slot Muiden (72 guns). He fought in the capture of Gibraltar on 21-23 July 1704 (0ld style), where he commanded the Veere ( 60 guns). He was with the group that attacked the Old Mole. On 23 August 1704, he fought in the Battle of Velez Malaga, where he commanded the Gelderland (72 guns). After being active in 1707 (VOC retourvloot) and 1708, he died in 1711. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1869.
3. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.

Dutch Captain: Poppe Binckes

Poppe Binckes (or Foppe) served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He may have fought in the Battle of the Gabbard. We only see him mentioned in the summer of 1653, when he commanded the three-masted yacht Brak (18 guns) and fought in the Battle of Scheveningen. Jan Admirael had commanded the Brak at the Battle of the Gabbard. There is a van de Velde picture online that shows the Brak's sistership, the Windhond, in action, near the flagship Brederode. In 1652, and possibly into early 1653, Pieter van Zalingen had commanded the Brak. The last we read of him is from a document that is probably from March 1653. On 13 December 1653, Poppe Binckes was involved with convoying merchant ships in the Sound. When he arrived at Gothenburg, he gave heart to the merchant captains who had hope of more warships arriving to convoy them. Sources:

• C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
• C.T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.V, 1912.
• Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.V, 1928.
• Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.VI, 1930.
• Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
• Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.

Dutch Captain: Adriaan Noortheij

Adriaan Noortheij served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1688, he commanded the frigate Wulpenburg (32 guns and a crew of 130 men) in the fleet that took Willem III to England. In 1690, he commanded the ship Elswoud (50 guns and a crew of 210 men). He fought in the Battle of Beachy Head and was killed. He was assigned to Karel van der Putte's division. The Elswoud was one of the ships burnt after the battle, rather than let them be captured due to their damage. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1861.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst slag bij Bevesier 10 juli 1690", 2005.

Dutch Naval Officer: Jan Janszoon van der Valck

Jan Janszoon van der Valck served the Rotterdam Directors. In the summer of 1652, he was lieutenant of Sijmon Corneliszoon van der Meer, who commanded the ship Sint Pieter (28 guns and a crew of 122 men). Captian van der Meer's first ship, the Prins (apparently) had been sunk in combat with English frigates in the Channel. In fact, he went back to sea in the Sint Pieter. He was so ill, he had to relinguish command to his lieutenant. Jan Janszoon van der Valck apparently commanded the Sint Pieter on Tromp's voyage to the Shetlands in July and August. He was specifically mentioned on 13 August 1652. He was not mentioned further in the published literature. Sources:

1. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.
2. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
3. Hendrik de Raedt, Lyste van de schepen van Oorloge onder het beleyt Admirael Marten Harpersz. Tromp, 1652.
4. A. Vreugdenhil, Ships of the United Netherlands 1648-1702, 1938.

Dutch Captain: Evert Pieterszoon Swart

Evert Pieterszoon Swart served the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC (the East Indian Company). He commanded the VOC warship Gerechtigheid, which we estimate to have carried about 36 guns. If, in fact, the Gerechtigheid was built to the same charter as the Mercurius, the ship may have carried as many as 40 guns. We now know that the Mercurius was a ship of dimensions 123ft x 30ft x 12ft. On 23 April 1653, he put to sea in the Gerechtigheid to join Witte de With at the rendezvous. On that basis, we can be reasonably assured that he fought in the Battle of the Gabbard in June. From the list of ships at Vlissingen in July 1653, we see that there were three ships belonging to the Amstedam Chamber of the VOC which fought in the Battle of the Gabbard. Evert Pieterszoon Swart definitely fought in the Battle of Scheveningen, where he was in De Ruyter's squadron. Within the squadron, he was assigned to Frans Mangelaer's small unit. On 12 August, the Gerechtigheid was lying at anchor, two miles to sea from Scheveningen. He was with Witte de With's fleet on the voyage to Norway in September to November 1653, and died with the majority of his crew, when the Gerechtigheid foundered in the storm. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.V, 1912.
3. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.V, 1928.
4. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.VI, 1930.
5. Carl Stapel, personal communication "a grisaille by Willem van de Velde of the VOC ship Mercurius", 2005.
6. Staten Generaal 1.01.04 Inv. Nr. 5556, "List of ships at Vlissingen on 2 July 1653", 1653.

Dutch Naval Officer: Pieter de Moor

Pieter de Moor served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He fought in the First Schooneveld Battle, where he was assigned to De Ruyter's squadron. He commanded the Advijs jacht Tonijn (6 guns). He was still with De Ruyter on 12 June and probably fought in the Second Schooneveld Battle, as well. In August, he fought in the Battle of the Texel, where he was in Aert van Nes's division in De Ruyter's squadron. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Johannes Michielszoon (or Michiels)

Johannes Michielszoon (or Michiels) served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He commanded one of the 100 ships of the Extraordinary Equipage of 1652. His ship carried 20 guns and had a crew of 100 men. His ship was described as a fast-sailing storeship. I suggest that he may have commanded the ship Augustine that was captured by the English and used as a "victualler" during the last part of the First Anglo-Dutch War. I would imagine that the Dutch name might have been Sint Augustijn. After the Battle off Dover, in early June 1652, Tromp sent Joannes Michielszoon to Ostend and Nieuwpoort, where two ships in distress might have gone. In July 1652, he was acting as a scout for Tromp's fleet when he took a small English vessel from Dover and learned that Blake had taken the English fleet to the north. In response, Tromp resolved to take his whole fleet of 83 warships and 9 fireships north, as well. Tromp left Adriaan Jansz. den Oven's jacht cruising off the Wielingen to let ships looking for the Dutch fleet know where they have gone. On 15 January 1653, he was with four Zeeland warships convoying some merchantmen and West Indiamen from "the islands". The four ships included the ships of Joannes Michielszoon, Claes Janszoon, Cornelis Mangelaer, and Jan Duijm. Joannes Michielszoon fought in the Battle of Portland and was reported by Jan Evertsen, in his journal, to have been killed there. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol. VI, 1930.
3. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.
4. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de Geschiedenis van ons Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1927.
5. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
6. Dr. S. R. Gardiner, and C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.III, 1906.
7. Hendrik de Raedt, Lyste van de schepen van Oorloge onder het beleyt Admirael Marten Harpersz. Tromp, 1652.

Dutch Captain: Jacob Claeszoon Boot (or Boet)

Jacob Claeszoon Boot (or Boet) served the Monnikendam Directors. He probably commanded the ship Leeuwin (32 guns and a crew of 115 men). The guns consisted of 4 brass and 28 iron guns. In June, he served with the fleet during June to August 1652, and was on the voyage to the Shetlands. He took part in the council of war on 6 August on board the Brederode. He also fought in the Battle of Dungeness on 10 December 1652 and the Battle of Portland on 28 February to 2 March 1653. Sources:

1. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
2. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
3. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.
4. Dr. S. R. Gardiner, and C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.III, 1906.
5. Jodocus Hondius, Onstelde-Zee, Oft Zee-Daden, 1654.

Dutch Captain: Emmanuel Zalingen

Emmanuel Zalingen served the Admiralty of Amsterdam during the First Anglo-Dutch War. He commanded the hired fluit, the Aartsengel Michiel (40 guns and a crew of 120 men). His ship carried relatively small guns, despite the size of the ship. He reported late to De Ruyter's fleet on 26 July 1652 and was assigned to Jan Gideonszoon Verburch's division. He fought in the Battle of Plymouth on 26 August 1652. He joined Witte de With's fleet with the rest of De Ruyter's fleet, but was sent in for repairs on 2 October 1652, as his was among the ships judged unfit for battle. On October 29, Witte de With ordered captain Zalingen's ship to receive victuals for 10 weeks at sea. At the end of the year, he was ordered to the Mediterranean Sea, where his ship was used a storeship. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, "The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean," The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.49, No.4, November 1963.
2. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
3. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.

New information about "Cornelis Hoola"

A note from the Rotterdam notary records reopened the issue of the identity of the captain of the Amsterdam Directors' ship Moorin. The notation mentions Cornelis Houtebeen (wooden leg) as the commander of the Moorin on 25 July 1653. We thought that we knew that the Moorin's captain in October and November was "Captain Tol". However, Dr. Ballhausen says that the Moorin's captain was Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol, apparently the son of Cornelis Jol, "Admiral Houtebeen". Dr. Ballhausen also says that Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol was also known as Cornelis Jol Hola (Tola) and had commanded the ship Leiden in 1652. This seems to be a case where we can be reasonably sure that Dr. Ballhausen is correct. His last name could also be rendered as Holla or Hoola. By the way, we know specifications for the Moorin:

Moorin
Amsterdam Directors

Dimensions:  125ft x 29ft x 12-3/4ft
Guns: 28 consisting of 10-12pdr, 8-8pdr, 8-6pdr, and 2-3pdr
Hired circa 28 January 1653

Sources:

1. C.T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.V, 1912.
2. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol. VI, 1930.
3. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
4. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Captains", 2004.
5. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Directors' Ship Information 1652-1653", 2004.
6. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Moorin", 2006.

Dutch Captain: Harmon Sonne

Harmon Sonne served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1652 and 1653, he commanded the hired ship Madonna della Vigna. The Madonna della Vigna had a crew of 100 men and very likely carried 28 guns, although we cannot confirm that fact. He fought in the Battle of Livorno on 14 March 1653, under the command of Johan van Galen. His ship was the only Dutch ship lost in the battle. The Madonna della Vigna fought the Levant Merchant (28 guns) and was forced to beach, north of the harbour. The Madonna della Vigna had served under Venetian command from at least 1649 until 1651 and had fought in two battles: the Battle of Focchies on 12 May 1649 and the action of 10 July 1651. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, "The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean," The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.49, No.4, November 1963.
2. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.

Tromp's council-of-war on 6 August 1652

Following the storm in the Shetlands, on 6 August 1652, Lieutenant-Admiral Tromp held a council-of-war on board his flagship, the Brederode. The list of captains present has been preserved and is published in Vol.I of The First Dutch War, in the order listed at the end of Tromp's document. It is available on the Google Book Search. From what we know, we can augment this list with additional information:

Officer:                        Admiralty:           Ship:              Guns: Crew:
Maarten Harpertsz. Tromp        Rotterdam            Brederode             54 270
Witte Cornelisz. de With        Rotterdam            Prinses Louise        36   ?  
Albert Claesz. de Graeff        Amsterdam            Hollandia             32 110
Nicoleas Marrevelt              Amsterdam            Zeelandia             36 120
Abraham van der Hulst           Amsterdam            ?                     26 100
Hector Bardesius                Amsterdam Directors  Nieuw Gideon          34 115
Corstiaen Corstiaenszoon        Rotterdam Directors  Prins te Paard        38 120
Adriaan Banckert                Zeeland              ?                     26 100
Joris van der Zaan              Amsterdam            Campen                38 130
Cornelis Hoola                  Amsterdam            Leiden                28 100
Johannes van Regermorter        Middelburg Directors ?                     30 105
Jacob Cornelisz. Swart          Amsterdam Directors  Faam                  28 110
Stoffel Juriaenszoon            Amsterdam Directors  Sint Francisco        28 105
Allert Janszoon                 Zeeland              Dubbele Arend         28 100
Abraham Hendricksz.van Campen   Amsterdam Directors  Arke Troijane         28 100
Pieter Adriaanszoon van Blocker Hoorn Directors      ?                     28 105
Teunis Vechterszoon             Noorderkwartier      ?                     24? 70
Jacob Adriaansz. Penssen        Middelburg Directors Gouden Leeuw          30 110
Pieter Aldertszoon              Noorderkwartier      Burcht?               24 100
Antheunis Post, Allert Janszoon's skipper
Lambert Bartelszoon             Zeeland              ?                     18 100
Johan Evertsen                  Zeeland              Hollandia             38 160
Pieter Florissen                Noorderkwartier      Monnikendam           36 138
Gideon de Wildt                 Amsterdam            Vrede                 42 160
Cornelis Evertsen de Oude       Zeeland              Wapen van Zeeland     30 120
Pieter Schellinger              Noorderkwartier      Stad Medemblik        26 100
Arent Dirckszoon                Noorderkwartier      Monnick               24  95
Adriaan Nicolaesz. Kempen       Zeeland              Amsterdam             30 120
Philips Joosten                 Zeeland              Hollandia              ?   ?
Jan Jacobsz. van Nes            Rotterdam            Gorcum                30 131
Pieter Gorcum                   Zeeland              Dordrecht?            17? 50?
Jacob Paulussen Cort            Amsterdam            Star                  28  95
Gerrit Femssen                  Noorderkwartier      Wapen van Enkhuizen   30 110
Jacob Claesz. Boot             Monnikendam Directors Leeuwin               32 115
Gijsbert Malcontent             Enkhuizen Directors  ?                     28 110
Cornelis van Houtten            Amsterdam Directors  Witte Lam             30 110
Gillis Thyssen Campen           Amsterdam            Gouden Leeuw          24  80
Ruth Jacobsz. Buys              Rotterdam Directors  ?                     26 105
Gerrit Nobel                    Noorderkwartier      Burgh van Alkmaar     24  95
Gillis Janszoon                 Zeeland              Zeeridder             28 100
Daniel Cornelisz. Brackman      Zeeland              ?                      ?   ?

Dutch Captain: Wolphert van Brederode

Wolphert van Brederode served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In June 1652, his ship and that of Evert Anthonissen were sent to convoy corn ships to Muscovy. He commanded the ship Hoop (24 guns and a crew of 80 men). On 29 October, he was under orders with Marten Schaeff (Vice-Admiral), Jan Janszoon Lapper, Pieter van Zalingen, Hendrick Huyskens, and Cornelis Janszoon Poort, to convoy East Indiamen into the Sound and to protect them from harm. By March of 1653, his ship had been paid off. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
3. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.

Dutch Captain: Pieter Teunissen Bonteboer

Pieter Teunissen Bonteboer served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He commanded the hired ship Zwarte Arend in the Mediterranean Sea. He fought in the Battle of Livorno on 14 March 1653. There is a Van de Velde picture of the battle that was drawn based on the accounts, a Willem van de Velde de Oude was not present, as no other artist was, either. The Zwarte Arend took the English Peregrine, after the Peregrine had lost her mizzenmast to the Roode Haas in a 1-1/2 hour fight. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, "The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean," The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.49, No.4, November 1963.
2. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.

Dutch Captain: Jacob Sichelszoon

Jacob Sichelszoon (or possibly Jan Sichelszoon or Sichelsen) apparently served the Admiralty of Zeeland and commanded a hired ship, the Wapen van Swieten (28 guns and a crew of 95 men). On 29 July 1652, the States General had appointed Michiel De Ruyter to command a fleet to be stationed at the Wielings (Wielengen) rendezvous to convoy merchant ships in the Channel. Jan Sichelszoon was one of the captains assigned to this fleet. He apparently fought in the Battle of Plymouth on 26 August 1652 (a new style date). After De Ruyter's fleet joined Witte de With's fleet, some ships that had been damaged were sent in for repairs. Jacob Sichelszoon's ship was one of those needing repairs, so he missed the Battle of the Kentish Knock. We do not see any further mention of Jacob (or Jan) Sichelszoon in the published literature available to us. Volume II of The First Dutch War, which contains much of this information, can now be read at the Google Book Search. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol. VI, 1930.
2. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.

Dutch Naval Officer: Arnoud Leunissen

Arnoud Leunissen served the Admiralty of Zeeland in 1673. He commanded the advijs jacht Jonge Maria (10 guns). He fought in the first and second Schooneveld battles. He fought in the Battle of the Texel. In all these battles, he was assigned to De Ruyter's division. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Another good book in the Google Book Search

Another good book in the Google Book Search is State Papers Relating to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada, Anno 1588. This is a book that contains a good deal of original source documents relating to the Armada campaign. If you search for "Defeat of the Spanish Armada", you will find some interesting books as well this one. The advantage of this book is the original source material and the fact that it must now be in the public domain.

Dutch Captain: Quirijn van der Kerckhoff (UPDATED)

I need to revise this, as Carl Stapel had pointed out that Quirijn van der Kerckhoff had fought in the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665, and had other milestones after 1653. Quirijn van der Kerckhoff was the brother of captain Paulus van der Kerckhoff. They both served the Admiralty of the Maze (or Rotterdam), as did their father, Jan Jansz van de Kerckhof. At the beginning of the First Anglo-Dutch War, Quirijn commanded the hired ship Maria (26 guns and a crew of 110 men). His ship was one of the "100 Hundred ships" to be hired by the Admiralties, after the Directors had hired their 50 ships. He took part in Tromp's voyage to the Shetlands in July and August 1652. He seems to have missed the Battles of the Kentish Knock and Dungeness. There is a mention of him operating with Augustijn Balck, who commanded the convoy to the Sound in the fall of 1652. In any case, he took part in the Battle of Portland and was reported killed on the first day, 28 February 1653. Dr. Ballhausen says that he was assigned to Tromp's squadron. Reports had said that his brother had been killed, but there was a record that Quirijn was buried on 6 April 1653. That must have been someone different. A careful reading of Dr. Elias shows that Quirijn Pouwelszoon van den Kerckhoff was killed in the Battle of Portland. In fact, Quirijn van der Kerckhoff (perhaps Quirijn Janszoon van der Kerckhoff) brother of Paulus, seems to have survived, as he was promoted to kapitein-ordinaris, in place of his brother Paulus on 23 July 1658. Paulus had died in May 1658. We also know that a "Crijn Cerckhove" (an alternate spelling) commanded the Wapen van Rotterdam (50 guns) in the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665. Carl Stapel says that he eventually moved to North Holland and died there. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
3. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de Geschiedenis van ons Zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1927.
4. Johan E. Elias, De Vlootbouw in Nederland 1596-1655, 1933.
5. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
6. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
7. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.
8. Hendrik de Raedt, Lyste van de schepen van Oorloge onder het beleyt Admirael Marten Harpersz. Tromp, 1652.
9. Carl Stapel, personal communication "crijn van den kerckhove", 2006.
10. Carl Stapel, personal communication "krijn kerkhove", 2005.
11. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Paulus van den Kerckhoff of Paulus van de Kerkhoven", 2005.

A good book in the Google Book Search: Granville Penn's book

I would highly recommend the book by Granville Penn, Memorials of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William Penn. I have a copy of the book that is falling apart. It is a great thing to have this book be part of the Google Book Search. You may find it by searching with the title.

Dutch Captain: Adriaen de Zeeuw

Adriaen de Zeeuw served the Rotterdam Directors. We believe that his ship was one of those attacked by English frigates in the Channel in June, when Sijmon Corneliszoon's ship, the Prins, was sunk. Adriaen de Zeeuw's ship was damaged by gunfire, and we do not read any more about him in the published literature that is available to us. He only appears in the list from the Hollandsche Mercurius (reprinted in The First Dutch War, Vol.I), circa June 1652 and Hendrick de Raedt's pamphlet. His ship was lying in the Meuse, having been damaged. Sources:

1. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
2. Hendrik de Raedt, Lyste van de schepen van Oorloge onder het beleyt Admirael Marten Harpersz. Tromp, 1652.

Dutch Captain: Willeboort Leendertszoon (or Lenaertszoon)

Willeboort Leendertszoon (or Lenaertszoon) served the Admiralty of the Maze (Rotterdam). In 1628 and 1629, he commanded the ship Dolphijn. The Dolphiijn was a vessel of 170 lasts and had a crew of 85 men. The Dolphijn was built in 1623. In 1629, the Dolphijn's armament consisted of 2-24pdr, 2-chambered 24pdr, 2-12pdr, 8-8pdr, 4-6pdr, 2-5pdr, 2-4pdr, and 5-steenstukken with 5 chambers. In 1633, he still commanded the Dolphijn, but the ship now carried 29 guns. An extra 2-4pdr were added (this is if you count steenstukken, which seems to be a common practice, but which I have not done in the past). Willeboort Leendertszoon does not appear in any of the published sources available to me. Sources:

1. Staet van Oorlog te Water for the year 1628.
2. Staet van Oorlog te Water for the year 1629.
3. Staet van Oorlog te Water for the year 1633.

Dutch Captain: Dirck Janszoon Bijnacht

Dirck Janszoon Bijnacht served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. We know that in 1621, he commanded the ship Leiden (Leyden), a vessel of 150 lasts that carried 30 guns and had a crew of 90 men. It seems likely that Dirck Janszoon and Dirck Janszoon Bijnacht are the same man. We know that Dirck Janszoon Bijnacht commanded the Orangieboom in 1628. I looked again at my notes from the Staet van Oorlog te Water for the year 1628, and that seems to be confirmed. That Staet gives the captain of the Orangieboom as Dirck Janszoon in March 1627. The Orangieboom was a vessel of 120 lasts that carried 22 guns and had a crew of 75 men. The guns were 2-chambered guns and 14 ordinary guns with 6-steenstukken. We also know that he was still in command of the Orangieboom in 1629, when the ship's crew was now 80 men. Sources:

1. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Ships 1600-1700", 2005.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Schepen en kapiteins in 1621", 2005.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Schepen en kapiteins in 1629", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Jan Ysbrantszoon (or Ijbrantszoon)

Jan Ysbrantszoon (or Ijbrantszoon), from Edam, served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. Jan Ysbrantszoon commanded some ship in the fleet that went to the Mediterranean Sea with Moy Lambert from May 1619 until October 1620. In 1621, he commanded the Gekroonde Liefde, a vessel of 130 lasts that carried 16 guns and a crew of 75 men. In 1628, he commanded the ship Vrieslandt, a vessel of 150 lasts probably built in 1617. The Vrieslandt carried 28 guns and had a crew of 80 men. I was somewhat confused about Jan Ijsbrantszoon and Jan Ijsbrantszoon Halffhoorn, as I had wondered if they were the same or different men. Sources:

1. Carl Stepel, personal communication "moy lambert's fleet mei 1619-oktober 1620", 2005.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Schepen en kapiteins in 1621", 2005.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Schepen en kapiteins in 1628", 2005.