Dutch Captain: Gerrit Munt (or Munth)

Gerrit Munt served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. He started the First Anglo-Dutch War in command of the hired ship Huis van Nassau. Dr. Ballhausen says that he fought in the Battle off Dover on 29 March 1652. He served with the fleet in the summer of 1652 and sailed to the Shetlands in July and August with the fleet. There is an undated manuscript of similar date to that included in Thurloe (dated 22 June 1652). The document in Thurloe (reprinted in The First Dutch War, Vol.V) gives him as captain of the "Ganapan", which is, of course, a misreading of "Sampson". When you see the 17th Century Dutch handwriting for "Sampson", the resemblance is striking. The first time I saw "Sampson", I thought that I had found the reference to "Ganapan", although when I looked more closely, I found that the word was actually "Sampson". In the handwritten manuscript of similar date, Gerrit Munt was said to command the ship "Lastdrager". He may have fought in the Battle of the Gabbard, and almost certainly fought in the Battle of Scheveningen. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. C.T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.V, 1912.
3. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
4. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Ships 1600-1700", 2005.
5. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.II, 1859

An early Dutch ship: the Abraham

I think that we are fortunate to have as much information as we do about Dutch ships from the early part of the 17th Century. For example, Ingelbrucht van de Leu commanded the ship Abraham for the Admiralty of the Maze (Rotterdam) in 1629. The Abraham had been built in 1611 and was a ship of 180 lasts. We are on shakey ground estimating dimensions from lasts, but I do it anyway, for I find it useful. A ship of 180 lasts could have dimensions something like 118ft x 27ft x 12ft. The Abraham carried 22 guns and had a crew of 90 men. We also know the list of guns, in detail:

2-12pdr, 2-chambered 12pdr, 2-8pdr, 13-5pdr, 1-3.5pdr, and 2-2.5pdr

We can immediately see that the smaller guns are odd calibers and are probably archaic. You might think that they were Falcons and Falconets. Sources:

1. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Ships 1600-1700", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Jan ter Stegen (or Verstegen)

Jan ter Stegen commanded the Amsterdam Director's ship Zwarte Raven (30 guns and a crew of 78 men) in June 1645. He was with Witte de With's fleet that forced a convoy of merchant ships into the Sound without paying the toll to the Danes. During the First Anglo-Dutch War, he served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. From the beginning of the war, he commanded the small hired ship, the Keyser (26 guns and a crew of 100 men). He was with the fleet in June 1652 and took part in Tromp's voyage to the Shetlands in July and August. He survived the storm. The Keyser was paid off and Jan ter Stegen was appointed as captain of the Prinses Aemilia (28 guns) when Willem van der Zaan was moved to the Campen in place of his dead brother, after the Battle of Portland. The Prinses Aemilia was in the Texel roads on 17 April 1653, with Witte de With's squadron. In the event, at the Battle of the Gabbard, the Prinses Aemilia was commanded in the battle by Jan ter Stegen's lieutenant Jan Franszoon Smit. The Prinses Aemilia was lost at the Gabbard. The Prinses Aemilia was one of four ships that had become tangled after a collision. One, the Frisian jacht Prins Willem escaped while the rest were taken (the Neptunis, the Prinses Aemilia, and the Sint Matheeus). Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. C.T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.V, 1912.
3. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.V, 1928.
4. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
5. G. W. Kernkamp, De Sleutels van de Sont, 1890.

Dutch Captain: Arent Dirckszoon

Arent Dirckszoon served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. We don't know for sure what ship he commanded, but Arent Dirckszoon commanded a 26-gun ship in Witte de With's fleet in June 1645 that forced a convoy of merchant ships into the Sound without paying the toll to the Danes. Dr. Ballhausen says that Arent Dirckszoon fought in the Battle off Dover on 29 May 1645, in Pieter Florissen's squadron. He was with the fleet during the summer and took part in Tromp's voyage to the Shetlands in July and August 1652. He commanded the Monnick (or Monnikendam), a ship of 24 guns and a crew of 95 men. The Monnick eventually carried 28 guns and had a crew of 109 men. Arent Dirckszoon was with Witte de With's fleet in August and September and fought in the Battle of the Kentish Knock on 8 October 1652. Later in the year, he was with the fleet and fought in the Battle of Dungeness on 10 December 1652. Dr. Ballhausen says that Arent Dirckszoon fought in the Battle of Portland (the Three Days Battle) from 28 February until March 2 1653. Dr. Ballhausen also lists Arent Dirckszoon as having fought in the Battle of the Gabbard from 12 until 13 June 1653 and at the Battle of Scheveningen on 10 August 1653. We also know that in July 1654, Arent Dirckszoon commanded the Wapen van Alkmaar (28 guns), a ship of the same size as the Monnick. Sources:

1. C.T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.V, 1912.
2. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
3. James C. Bender, unpublished manuscript "Dutch Ships 1600-1700", 2005.
4. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
5. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.
6. Dr. S. R. Gardiner, and C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.III, 1906.
7. Hendrik de Raedt, Lyste van de schepen van Oorloge onder het beleyt Admirael Marten Harpersz. Tromp, 1652.

A question...

My brother is starting a business, and he is considering making ship models for use in naval wargaming. He has long thought about ships for the Anglo-Dutch Wars. His first question is what scale that gamers would like to see. I would add another question: what type ships would people like to have available for gaming? I had thought that you might use larger scale ships and fight situations such as the Brederode at the Battle of Dungeness, when she was attacked by the Garland and the Anthony Bonaventure. Tromp was saved when Jan Evertsen came up in support in the Hollandia, and they took the two attackers, one at a time.

Dutch Captain: Claes Janszoon Sanger

Claes Janszoon Sanger served the Admiralty of Zeeland. He commanded the ship West Cappelle (or Westcappel) in the First Anglo-Dutch War. His ship was sometimes called the Galjas van Middelburg. His ship was with Tromp's fleet on 23 May 1652, and probably fought in the Battle off Dover on 29 May 1652. In June 1652, he ship carried 26 guns and had a crew of 110 men and was with the fleet. He fought in the Battle of Plymouth in August, under Michiel De Ruyter's command. Witte de With sent his ship in for repairs on the recommendation of De Ruyter, as it was one of a group of ships that needed repairs from the last battle. He fought in the Battle of Portland in March 1653. Dr. Ballhausen had pointed out that Claes Janszoon Sanger was one of 17 captains and ships from Zeeland that returned home together after the battle. He probably fought in the Battle of the Gabbard in June. The July 1653 list of ships at Vlissingen includes 12 ships from the Admiralty of Zeeland, including a number that were very small, as was the West Cappelle. He fought in the Battle of Scheveningen in August 1653 where his ship was sunk and he was taken prisoner by the English. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol. VI, 1930.
3. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
4. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de Geschiedenis van ons Zeewezen, Vol.III, 1925.
5. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.
6. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.II, 1900.

The Dutch situation after Scheveningen in August 1653

This is based on my translation of a passage in Vol.V of Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen by Dr. Elias. I have somewhat edited and augmented what was there:

Besides weakening our fleet by the loss of three senior officers (so that only De With and Pieter Florissen had been left with the fleet, as Tromp was killed, De Ruyter forced to go into Goeree, and Jan Evertsen’s ship was disabled) and the 9 named captains lost (some of whom were Cornelis Evertsen de Oude, Claes Janszoon Sanger, Andries Fortuijn, Gerbrand Schatter, and Jan de Haes taken prisoner and Willem Adriaanszoon Warmont and Cornelis Taenman killed), the fleet suffered the complete loss of 10 ships. The Zeeland contingent had suffered the worst, having lost 4 ships. Of them, the Hollandia (Captain Adriaan Bankert) and the Westcappel (Captain Claes Janszoon Sanger) had been sunk, the Eendracht was burnt (Captain Andries Fortuijn), and the Zeeuwsche Leeuw (or Wapen van Zeeland) was lost by exploding gunpowder that cracked the hull two and sank the ship (Captain Cornelis Evertsen de Oude). Of the Amsterdam ships, there were three lost: the Hollandia (commandeur Evert Anthonissen), the Dolphijn (Captain Gerbrand Schatter), and the Omlandia (Marten Schaeff). All were sunk. Moreover, the enemy had taken the Rosencrans (Captain Jan de Haes) and afterwards burnt her. The Frisian states’ ship Sevenwolden (Captain Frederik Stellingwerff) and the East Indiaman Mercurius (Captain Pieter de Bitter) were sunk. The English had saved as many of the crews as they could and took them into captivity.

English Captain: John Utber

John Utber served in the Restoration navy. In 1663, the Duke of York appointed him as lieutenant of the 4th Rate Phoenix. In 1664, he became lieutenant of the 3rd Rate Plymouth. In 1665, he was appointed captain of the 5th Rate Guernsey (28 guns). He was killed in the attack on the Dutch East Indiamen at Bergen on 2 August 1665. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Nicholas Parker

Nicholas Parker served in both the Commonwealth and Restoration navies. He commanded the frigate Bryer from 1656 until 1658. From 1659 until 1660, he commanded the Fagons (renamed Milford after the Restoration). In 1661, he was appointed to command the Greyhound. In 1663, he was appointed to command first the Coventry and then the 4th Rate Nonsuch (40 guns). He was with Sir Thomas Allin's fleet that sailed for the Mediterranean Sea in August 1664 and arriving at Gibraltar in September. In 1668, he was appointed to command the 4th Rate Tiger. He was operating in the Mediterranean area and off Spain with Sir Thomas Allin in 1668, but he was ill. He died of his illness in October 1668. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.I 1660-1666, 1939.
2. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.II 1667-1678, 1940.
3. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: William Long

William Long served in the Restoration navy. Later in 1665, he was lieutenant of the Golden Phoenix prize. In 1666, Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle appointed him as lieutenant of the Dutch prize Slothany. In 1668, he was lieutenant of the Resolution. The King appointed him as captain of the Zante frigate on 3 February 1673. He was operating with the fleet in the late spring. On 26 April 1675, he was appointed as First Lieutenant of the Harwich. On 15 September 1678, the King appointed him as captain of the Europa. On 12 December 1678, he became captain of the hired ship Loyal Subject. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Naval Officer: Jeremy Smith

Jeremy Smith served in both the Commonwealth and the Restoration navies.

Advice (42 guns) in 1653. He fought in the Battle of the Gabbard in June 1653, where he was assigned to the Red Squadron, in the Generals' division. He very likely fought in the Battle of the Battle of Scheveningen, as well. R. C. Anderson thinks that the Advice was probably absent from the battle and operating off Scotland, but there are two pieces of evidence that argue otherwise. One was the published list of ships and captains at the Gabbard includes the Advice with Jeremy Smith as captain. Then, there is a document from 14 June that Anderson mentions in a note that says that the Advice's lieutenant was killed in the last battle. If we had access to Calendar of State Papers Domestic for 1652 to 1653, perhaps we could resolve the question.

Jeremy Smith continued to serve through the rest of the Interregnum. In 1654, he commanded the Torrington. In 1656, he commanded the Essex. From 1656 until 1657, he commanded the Dunbar.

After the Restoration, he commanded the 3rd Rate Mary (former Speaker) in 1664. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was a second to the Duke of York. He was caught in a fierce fight with Bastiaan Centen in the Oranje (76 guns). After the battle, Jeremy Smith was knighted for his performance in the battle. He was apparently to the 1st Rate Sovereign, later in the year. This would seem to be contradicted by Frank Fox's list that shows him in the Mary on the expedition to Tangier. In September, he took part in the capture of the Dutch Indiamen. He received a share of the prize money. For his first independent operation, he commanded a fleet sent to Tangier from December 1665 until they returned in March 1666. At the time of the Four Days' Battle, his ship the Mary was at Portsmouth taking on victuals. Later in 1666, he was in the newly completed 2nd Rate Loyal London. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle where he commanded the Blue Squadron and flew his flag on the Loyal London (92 guns). Jeremy Smith was considered to be the protege of the Duke of Albemarle. He was in conflict with Sir Robert Holmes in July 1666, and it took the King's intervention to resolve the situation. In 1668, he was in the 2nd Rate Royal Katherine. Later in 1668, he joined the navy board along with Sir Thomas Allin, and served well until his death in 1675. We also know that he visited the fleet in the fall of 1672, and had responsibility for signing pay tickets for sailors. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, "English Fleet-Lists in the First Dutch War," The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.XXIV No.4, October 1938.
2. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.II 1667-1678, 1940.
3. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
4. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
5. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Michael Robinson's identification of Corstiaen Corstiaenszoon's ship

On page 8 of Vol.I of the Van de Velde Paintings book was where the author an Van de Velde expert Michael Robinson identified Corstiaen Corstiaenszoon's ship as the Prins te Paard. His reliance on Dr. Ballhausen, who has so many errors that we would be cautious in accepting anything he says without finding corroboration. If the identification is from writing on the drawing, then I am more willing to accept the identification. A good deal of what Michael Robinson used was from articles from Oud Holland, which published, among other topics, articles about the Van de Veldes and their artwork.

The storm in the Channel in late May 1652

This is based on my translation of the account in Dr. Elias' Vol.II of Schetsen:

The start of the journey was not successful. Already on the 23rd, the fleet, close under the coast of Flanders, was assaulted by a fierce north wind that scattered the ships while a gloomy drizzle took away the crews’ view. Between the poor visibility and the rough sea, the Admiral who commanded the “armada” thought that there was a serious danger of being driven onto the Flemish banks. After some of his ships had gone astray, Tromp decided on the 24th (of May) that between the rough seas and the mist, that they fleet needed to move to five miles off Dunkirk, with the whole fleet to anchor there. For four days, the dangerous weather kept him at this anchorage. Soon, by the 28th, the wind began to subside, although the seas remained turbulent, he decided to raise the anchors, taking a chance, and to collect the fleet, which was urgently needed, as some ships had drifted. He was therefore ready to pursue his mission, although some of the Directors’ ships captains complained that they had lost anchors and cables in the storm. This was foreseen, but he only had two anchors and two cables left. About that time, the wind increased again, and Tromp resolved to cross over to the English coast.

Their High Majesties granted commanders the use of discretion regarding actions based on the content of the concerned article or instruction of the practice and purpose of their High Majesties with respect to contact with the English. The state did not appear to have intended that Tromp take an aggressive stance with regard to granting respect to the English in the narrow and North Seas or the French in the Mediterranean Sea. Compared to their rival great powers, their High Majesties pursued a very circumspect policy which the senior naval officers ignored in their defiant stand towards rendering honors, This was in spite of clear instructions which were ignored. The Dutch commanders hoped to only have to salute the strongest English forces and that some of the English commanders would not enforce the salute. Tromp was loyal and patriotic commander, and his aggresive spiriti made a conflict inevitable that would lead to the opening of hostilities. This is my paraphrase, slightly summarized, of a passage from page 55 from Vol.II of Schetsen. Source:

1. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.

May 22nd 1652 off the Start

(Joris) Van der Zaan reported that the convoy escorted by 3 warships was returning from Genoa and Livorno with 7 rich Straatsvaarders carrying cargo valued at 50 barrels of gold. On 22 May the convoy had encountered Captain Young with a couple of frigates, who was guarding the westward approaches. Van der Zaan had reacted negatively to the order to strike his colors, ignoring the example of the convoy commander Huurluyt (Huyrluyt), who had struck his. This led to a sharp fight between the stubborn Amsterdammer and the English commander, which lasted 1-1/2 to 2 hours. Van der Zaan was finally forced to yield. He struck his flag and Young let the convoy proceed without further hindrance. This is based on my translation of a passage written by Dr. Elias. Source:

1. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.

The situation in May 1652

A provisional resolution was passed by their high majesties authorizing the hiring of ships on 16 May 1652. A definite decision was made by 28 May. Those ships of the "extraordinary equipage" which were ready by 28 May were to be sent to Tromp's fleet. Of the 50 Directors' ships, only 25 were ready and of the 38 admiralty ships, on 8 were at the rendezvous. Of Tromp's ships on 20 May, there were 7 Amsterdam Director's ships. This is based on my translation of a passage in Dr. Elias's book, in Vol.II. Sources:

1. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.

A revised list of fishery protection vessels on 22 July 1652

Based on what Dr. Elias wrote in Vol.II of Schetsen, this would seem to be a better mapping of captains to ships for the fishery protection squadron taken by the English on 22 July 1652:

Dirk Claesz. van Dongen, admiral Paulus                24 guns   Rotterdam
Reynout Venhuizen, vice-admiral  Waterhond             24 guns   Rotterdam
                                 Kalmar Sleutel        22 guns   Rotterdam
Jan Noblet                       Land van Beloften     24 guns   Noorderkwartier
Captain Munnekes                 Wapen van Holland     30 guns   Noorderkwartier              
                                 Sampson van Enkhuizen 28 guns   Noorderkwartier
Jan Heck                         Adam en Eva           24 guns   Noorderkwartier
Willem Ham                       Sampson van Hoorn     24 guns   Noorderkwartier
                                 Jan Baptista          22 guns 
                                 Arke Noachs           24 guns   Amsterdam
                                 Zwaan                 28 guns   Amsterdam
Dirk Bogaert                     Juffrouw Katharina    22 guns   Amsterdam
Hendrik Kroeger                  Marcus Curtius        24 guns   Amsterdam

Dutch Captain: Dirk Claeszoon van Dongen

Dirk Claeszoon van Dongen served the Admiralty of the Maze. He served with Tromp's fleet during the campaign leading up to the Battle of the Downs in 1639. He commanded a buss convoyer at the time. In early October 1639, soldiers were distributed in the fleet from garrisons. Dirk Claeszoon van Dongen's ship received 20 soldiers. In the Battle of the Downs, he started the battle in Tromp's squadron. His employment normally was to protect "the great fishery". In 1652, he was still employed on fishery protection duties, except that he was now a more senior officer. He commanded a squadron of 15 vessels on fishery protection duties. That included 5 vessels hired by the directors of the fishery. The general resolution of 10 May 1652 included 15 ships for the protection of the fishery out the 150 ships of the "great equipage". When the English frigates approached, Dirk van Dongen's ship drifted from the others. Apparently, he and Reynout Venhuysen surrendered to the English without fighting, when the English offered quarter. The two were eventually imprisoned. This would indicate that Van Dongen was the "admiral" and Venhuysen his "vice-admiral". Sources:

1. Charles R. Boxer, The Journal of Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp Anno 1639, 1930.
2. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.

The fishery protection vessels on 22 July 1652

One thing that I learned from this research is that Captain Munnekes, whose ship, the Wapen van Holland (30 guns) was captured on 22 July 1652 is probably the captain who fought in the Battle of Dungeness. His name was something like Herman Munnekes (or Munnich). If we take a ship-centric perspective on the list of ships performing fishery protection duties on 22 July 1652, we see the following:

Rijnhart Venhuizen, admiral Paulus                24 guns   Rotterdam
vice-admiral (Dongen?)      Waterhond             24 guns   Rotterdam
                            Kalmar Sleutel        22 guns   Rotterdam
Jan Noblet                  Land van Beloften     24 guns   Noorderkwartier
Captain Munnekes            Wapen van Holland     30 guns   Noorderkwartier                
                            Sampson van Enkhuizen 28 guns   Noorderkwartier
Jan Heck                    Adam en Eva           24 guns   Noorderkwartier
Willem Ham                  Sampson van Hoorn     24 guns   Noorderkwartier
                            Jan Baptista          22 guns   
                            Arke Noachs           24 guns   Amsterdam
                            Zwaan                 28 guns   Amsterdam
Dirk Bogaert                Juffrouw Katharina    22 guns   Amsterdam
Hendrik Kroeger             Marcus Curtius        24 guns   Amsterdam

One troubling aspect of this is that Vreugdenhil does not list a Jan Baptista, or anything similar, although other sources definitely do show the ship. There is some reason to believe that there might have been as many as 15 fishery protection vessels.

The captured firshery protection ships from 22 July 1652

It turns out that the biography of Cornelis Tromp, from 1692, has what is supposed to be a list of captains whose ships were captured or sunk on 22 July 1652. We know a more complete lists of ships, but not the mapping to captains.

Rijnhart Venhuizen        Paulus             24 guns    Rotterdam
Gerrit Janszoon Schuimer 
Dirk Gerritszoon (Pomp?)                                Noorderkwartier ?         
Jan Noblet                Land van Beloften  24 guns    Noorderkwartier
Captain Munnekes          Wapen van Holland  30 guns    Noorderkwartier                 
Luitje
Dirk Claeszoon van Dongen                               Rotterdam
Dirk Bogaert              Juffrouw Katharina 22 guns    Amsterdam
Jan Heck                  Adam en Eva        24 guns    Noorderkwartier
Hendrik Kroeger           Marcus Curtius     24 guns    Amsterdam
Dirk Vijch                                              Rotterdam
Willem Ham                Sampson van Hoorn  24 guns    Noorderkwartier

Dutch Captain: Dirk Vijch

Dirk Vijch served the Admiralty of the Maze. He was captured by the English on the morning of 22 July 1652. He was commander of the Enkhuizen fishing busses. The biography of Cornelis Tromp seems to confirm that (page 50). He was repartiated in September and relieved Cornelis Engelen Silvergieter as captain of the small frigate Overijssel (22 guns). In December, he fought in the Battle of Dungeness, where he was in De With's squadron (although Michiel De Ruyter was acting commander in De With's absence). Following that, he was engaged in convoying. In the period following the Battle of Portland, there was a great deal of trouble with mutinies, and Dirk Vijch's crew seems to have mutinied at the end of March 1653. In April 1653, he was operating independently off the English coast, presumably looking to disrupt shipping. Dr. Ballhausen says that Dirk Vijch fought in the Battle of the Gabbard (Nieuwpoort) in June. The First Dutch War, Vol.IV seems to support that assertion. If we can rely upon the Staet van Oorlog te Water for 1654, Dirk Vijch still commanded the Overijssel in July 1654. Sources:

1. anonymous, unpublished manscript "Staet van Oorlog te Water voor den Jaere 1654", 1654.
2. Dr. Carl Ballhausen, Der Erste Englisch-Höllandische Seekrieg 1652-1654, 1923.
3. Lambertus van den Bosch, Leven en Bedryf van den Vermaarden Zeeheld, Cornelis Tromp, 1692.
4. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.II, 1923.
5. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.IV, 1927.
6. Johan E. Elias, Schetsen uit de geschiedenis van ons zeewezen, Vol.V, 1928.

Another look at the Admiralty of the Maze in March 1653

As we have previously noted, we have a summary of the Dutch ships in service, except the Directors ships, in March 1653. I wanted to see if I could see any sign of the ship that Michael Robinson called the Prins te Paard. The original list from the Hollandsche Mercurius attributed 38 guns and a crew of 110 men to the ship. The captain was originally Corstiaen Corstiaenszoon. He took part in Tromp's voyage to the Shetlands in July and August 1652. Hendrik de Raedt's pamphlet gave an armament of 38 guns and a crew of 120 men. The guns must be correct, then, at least for 1652. After Corstiaen Corstiaenszoon was killed at the Battle of Portland (the Three Days' Battle), Jacob Cleijdijck became her captain. Jacob Cleijdijck's Rotterdam Director's ship the Meerman (30 guns) was sunk at Portland, so he was reassigned to the Prins te Paard. One issue is whether the Prins te Paard was hired by the Rotterdam Directors or the Admiralty of the Maze. Hendrik de Raedt's pamphlet says that the Prins te Paard was one of the 100 ships hired in 1652. If that is the case, then the Prins te Paard should appear in the list for March 1653 in Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.I. The summary is as follows, where I have attempted to supply the ship name and captain. The problem I see is that there is no place for the "Prins te Paard" as a 38 gun ship. The evidence suggest that it was, in fact, a Directors' ship:

Landsschepen

Ship name             Commander                       guns     Sailors    Soldiers
Brederode             Lt-Admiral Tromp                54       200        50
                      Egbert Meeuwssen Kortenaer
Gelderland            Michiel Franszoon van den Bergh 40       110        30
Prinses Louise        Abel Roelants                   36       124        46
Dolphijn              Paulus van der kerckhoff        32        95        30
Gorcum                Willem Adriaanszoon Warmont     30     80-95     20-30
Rotterdam             Jan Aertszoon Verhaeff          30     80-95     20-30
Gelderland            Aert van Nes                    24        80        20
Utrecht               Leendert Haexwant               22        80        20
Overijssel            Dirk Vijch                      22        80        20
Haai, adviesjacht                                      6        15
fireship                                                        14        
fireship                                                        14

Hired ships

Ship name             Commander                       guns     Sailors    Soldiers

Roskam                Corstiean Eldertszoon           26        80        20
Gulden Beer           Jan de Haes                     26        80        20
Maria                 Quirijn van den Kerckhoff (dead)26        80        20

Hollandia             Ernestus de Bertrij             26    Paid off Nov 1652

Losses

Captured

Ship name             Commander                        guns     Sailors    Soldiers

Prinses Roijaal Marie Willem Joosten van Colster       36
Maagd van Dordrecht                                    26
Wapen van Rotterdam                                    26
Sint Paulus                                            24 (not listed by De Jonge)
Waterhond                                              24 (not listed by De Jonge)
Kalmar Sleutel                                         22 (not listed by De Jonge)

Sunk

Ship name             Commander                        guns     Sailors    Soldiers

Gelderland            Dirk Juynbol                     30       131              
Nijmegen              Paulus van den Kerckhoff         26       
Wapen van Holland     Hendrik de Munnik                26       

Dutch Naval Officer: Jacob Hoek

Jacob Hoek served in both the Dutch navy and the Danish navy. Most of the information about Jacob Hoek's service in the Danish navy is from Andrew, except that from Anderson. Jacob Hoek served in De Ruyter's expedition to Martinique in June 1674, where he commanded the snauw Faam. He served the Admiralty of the Maze during his Dutch naval service. While De Ruyter led a fleet to the Mediterranean Sea, Jacob Hoek went to the Baltic where he served in the Danish navy. He commanded the 62-gun ship Enighed in 1676. He fought in the Battle of Eland in June 1676 and took part in operations at Rugen in August 1676. In 1676, he commanded the Christiana (54 guns). He fought in the Battle of Kjoge Bay on July 1st, 1677, under command of Niels Juel. He was assigned to the Third Squadron under Admiral J. Rodstehn. This turned out to be a great Danish victory over the Swedes. Frank Fox has told me that Niels Juel was a master of line tactics. I believe that he was the reason that the Danes fared so well in the war. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Naval Wars in the Baltic, 1910.
2. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.

Dutch Naval Officer: Cornelis Boermans

Cornelis Post served the AdmiraltyAbout 16 May 1673, Cornelis Boermans commanded the fireship Vergulde Post (4 guns). He was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's squadron. He fought in the First Schoonveld Battle on 7 June 1673, where he was still with Cornelis Tromp's squadron. He was still with the fleet on 12 June, so he probably fought in the Second Schoonveld Battle, as well. He served with De Ruyter's fleet on the expedition to Martinique in 1674. He commanded the fireship Sayer (4 guns). Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Dutch Naval Officer: Jan Corneliszoon Poot

Jan Corneliszoon Poot served the Admiralty of Zeeland as a commandeur. He fought in the First Schooneveld Battle, where he was in Cornelis Tromp's squadron. He had been with the fleet on 23 May, prior to the battle. He was still with the fleet on 12 June, so he probably fought in the Second Schooneveld Battle, as well. In August, he fought in the Battle of the Texel, where he commanded the adviesjacht Bruinvis (Bruijnvisch) (6 guns). He was assigned to Jan de Haan's division in Cornelis Tromp's squadron. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Hendrik Hendrikszoon

Hendrik Hendrikszoon served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In June 1666, he fought in the Four Days' Battle, where he commanded the fireship Wapen van Engeland. He was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's squadron. In 1667, he took part in the Raid on Chatham, where he commanded the fireship Katharina. He was assigned to Aert van Nes's Second Squadron. In 1671, he commanded the fireship Velsen in De Ruyter's squadron. He apparently fought in the Battle of Solebay, where he still commanded the fireship Velsen. He was now in Van Ghent's squadron. On 23 June 1672, he was with the fleet, assigned to Isaac Sweers' squadron. He was also with the fleet on 31 July, where his fireship Velsen was said to have 4 guns. About 21 September, he was with the fleet off the Texel. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.

Dutch Captain: Anthonie Liederkercke

Anthonie Liederkercke served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He lived from 1587 until 1660. He was promoted to extra-ordinary Captain in 1623 and to ordinary captain in 1647. He seems to have served under Mooi Lambert and in 1626 took three Dunkirker prizes. He was awarded a golden chain. In 1626, he also took an ambassador to Barbary. In 1628, he was a commander at Vlissingen. In 1639, he distinguished himself before Dunkirk and at the Battle of the Downs. In 1640, he carried supplies to Morocco. From 1643 until 1644, he served in the blockade service before Dunkirk. In 1645, he commanded the Amsterdam ship Gelderland (32 guns) and was with Witte de With on the expedition to push a large fleet of into the Sound without paying the toll to Denmark. Andrew says that he commanded a ship in 1647, and that Cornelis Tromp, when he was very young, served as his lieutenant. Sources:

1. J. C. De Jonge, Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Zeewezen, Vol.I, 1858.
2. G. W. Kernkamp, De Sleutels van de Sont, 1890.
3. J. C. Mollema, De Eere Rol, from Geschiedenis van Nederland ter Zee, Vol.II, 1940.

Dutch Captain: Dirk Klaaszoon Harney

Dirk Klaaszoon Harney served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He apparently commanded the fireship Sint Jakob en Anna with the fleet in September 1672, after the actions on 3 September and 9 September. On 10 May 1673, he was with the fleet off of Schooneveld. He now commanded the fireship Vrede. He was with Lt-Admiral van Nes's Second Squadron. By about 16 May, he was with Cornelis Tromp's squadron. He fought in the First Schooneveld Battle on 7 June. On 12 June, he still eommanded the Vrede in Tromp's squadron. He fought in the Battle of the Texel, where he commanded the fireship Vrede (4 guns). He was assigned to Isaac Sweer's division in Cornelis Tromp's squadron. In 1675, he sailed for the Mediterranean with De Ruyter's fleet sent to aid the Spanish in their fight against the French. He commanded the fireship Jakob en Anna. He fought in the Battle of Stromboli on 8 January 1676. He was in the Third Squadron. He fought in the Battle of Etna on 22 April 1676, where he was assigned to the Second Squadron. He still commanded the fireship Jakob en Anna (4 guns). Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Jan van Kampen

Jan van Kampen served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. On 23 June 1672, he commanded the fireship Sayer (4 guns) in De Ruyter's First Squadron. On 31 July, he was still in the Sayer in De Ruyter's squadron. He was still in command of the Sayer with De Ruyter in September 1672, as well. By May 1673, he commanded the fireship Wapen van Emmerick (4 guns) in Lt-Admiral van Nes's squadron. By 16 May, he was in Tromp's squadron. He commanded the Wapen van Emmerick fireship in the First Schooneveld Battle. Prof. Bruijn wrote that after 7 June 1673, he commanded the Wapen van Velsen (4 guns) in Tromp's squadron. He was absent from the fleet list for 12 June 1673. We know that he commanded the fireship Wapen van Velsen in the Battle of the Texel, where he was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's division. He was in De Ruyter's expedition to Martinique in June 1674, where he commanded the fireship Leidster (4 guns). In 1675, he commanded the fireship Salm in De Ruyter's fleet that sailed for the Mediterranean Sea. On 8 January 1676, he was with De Ruyter at the Battle of Stromboli. On 22 April, he fought at Etna. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Thomas Vlugh

Thomas Vlugh served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. He lived from about 1640 until 11 November 1683. He was promoted to captain in 1672 and Vice-Admiral on 6 October1673. In 1674, he served under Cornelis Tromp in the expedition to French coast and in the Mediterranean Sea, where he convoyed a retourvloot. In 1677, while serving as a squadron commander in the Channel, he captured a Turkish pirate and cruised against the Dunkirkers. In 1683, he served under Schepers on the expedition to Gothenburg. He was drowned on the homeward voyage with his ship Westfriesland (80 guns), when his ship was wrecked in a storm. Sources:

1. Lambertus van den Bosch, Leven en Bedryf van den Vermaarden Zeeheld, Cornelis Tromp, 1692.
2. Luc Eekhout, Het Admiralenboek: De Vlagofficieren van de Nederlandse marine 1382-1991, 1992.
3. J. C. Mollema, De Eere Rol, from Geschiedenis van Nederland ter Zee, Vol.II, 1940.
4. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst 1683 bestaande uit 29 gewapende oorlogsschepen", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Willem Willemszoon

Willem Willemszoon served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He commanded the fireship Draak (4 guns) in 1673. He commanded the Draak with the fleet in early May 1673. He was assigned to De Ruyter's squadron. On 17 May, he was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's squadron. He fought in the First Schooneveld Battle on 7 June. On 12 June, he was with the fleet at Schooneveld, still with Tromp's squadron. Presumably, he fought in the Second Schooneveld Battle, as well. He also fought in the Battle of the Texel, where he was assigned to Jan De Haan's division in Tromp's squadron. In June 1674, he commanded the fireship Groene Draak (the same ship?) with De Ruyter's expedition to Martinique. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst Schooneveld I 7 juni 1673", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Jan Janszoon Verboekholt

Jan Janszoon Verboekholt served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1667, he commanded the jacht Windhond (18 guns), which was apparently newly completed. He was with the fleet in May 1667. he took part in the Raid on Chatham, where he was assigned to Van Ghent's Third Squadron. On 18 June, he was up the Thames to Rochester with the group of ships that included Jan van Brakel's ship Vrede and and Jan Danielszoon van Rijn's Pro Patria fireship. On 15 July 1667, he was with De Ruyter's squadron. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst tocht naar Chatham", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Pieter Magnussen (or Magnuszoon)

Pieter Magnussen (also called Magnuszoon) served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle in August 1666. He commanded the frigate Edam (37 guns). He was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's division in the Third Squadron. He took part in the actual Raid on Chatham in the Raadhuis van Haarlem. He was assigned to van Ghent's Third Squadron. He was also with the fleet in July 1667, as well, which was destined for the Thames. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst tocht naar Chatham", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Gerrit Boos

Gerrit Boos served the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier. In August 1665, he commanded the old frigate Kasteel van Medemblik (30 guns). He was assigned to Tjerk Hiddes de Vries's Fourth Squadron. In May 1667, he commanded the Prins van Oranje (62 guns) with de Ruyter's fleet in the Channel. In the actual Raid on Chatham, he was assigned to Aert van Nes's Second Squadron. On 15 July 1667, he was with the fleet near the Thames. At different times, his ship was variously called the Jonge Prins, Prins van Oranje, or Prins Willem. In 1671, hecommanded the Drie Helden Davids with the fleet. He was assigned to Van Ghent's squadron. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst tocht naar Chatham", 2005.

Dutch Captain: Laurens Bruijn

Laurens Bruijn (Bruin, or de Bruyn) served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he commanded the small frigate Fortuijn (14 guns). He was assigned to Cornelis Tromp's Fifth Squadron. In August, he commanded the Maecht van Enkhuizen (38 guns) with the fleet. He was assigned to Cornelis Evertsen's squadron. In May 1667, he commanded the frigate or three-masted jacht Postiljon (20 guns) with De Ruyter's fleet in the Channel. In the actual Raid on Chatham, he was in the Postiljon, and was assigned to Aert van Nes's Second Squadron. Sources:

1. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
3. Carl Stapel, unpublished manuscript "Vlootlijst tocht naar Chatham", 2005.

I can correct one problem in Vol.V of The First Dutch War

I see that I can correct on error that occurs on page 186 in Vol.V of The First Dutch War. There is a list of four fireships from the Admiralty of Amsterdam. They list, which is translated into English has four vessels:

1. the ship Cleyne (clearly an error)
2. the Fortune
3. the Great Hope
4. the Sun

I happen to have a copy of a manuscript from that period (later in June 1653). This list in the manuscript has the following:

1. the ship the Klein Hoop - Commandeur Jan Claesz.
2. the ship the Fortuijn - Commandeur Schoonevelt
3. the ship the Groot Hoop - Comandeur Cornelis de Joris (the last name could be wrong-could be Heris)
4. the ship the Zon - Commandeur Warnaer Crimp

English Captain: Christopher Gunman

Christopher Gunman served in the Restoration navy. One question is if he was the same as the noted cartographer. Clowes mentions Captain Christopher Gunman was one "of the most noted cartographers." In 1666, he commanded the Dutch prize Orange Tree (26 guns). He distinguished himself in two actions. In the second, he lost an arm. He had been cruising with the French Victory, commanded by Thomas Scott, when they chased two Dutch warships. He had been operating off Guernsey. On 3 June, his ship was in port at Plymouth. On 25 July 1666, he was at sea, cruising in the Channel. In 1667, he commanded the Reserve. In 1669, he was appointed to command the Forester. Later in 1669, he commanded the Anne yacht. In 1672, he was appointed as 2nd Captain of the Prince. In April 1672, he helped conduct a survey of the bread in the fleet. He fought in the Battle of Solebay, and his journal has helped to document the movements during the battle. Sadly, he was not a prominent enough figure for his journal to be included in Anderson's book. After John Cox was killed, Christopher Gunman became flag captain. In 1673, he was back as captain of the Anne yacht. On 23 September 1677, the King appointed him as captain of the Mary yacht. The commissioners reappointed him as captain of the Mary yacht on 22 October 1681. He was reappointed again on 23 June 1682. He was dismissed from the service "by a courtmartial for the loss of the Gloucester". The Gloucester had been taking the Duke of York to Leith. The ship was commanded by Sir John Berry, but navigation was entrusted to Captain James Aire. The Gloucester was wrecked on the Lemon and Oar. At least 130 were lost. There is a memo by Christopher Gunman that suggests that it was part of a plot to kill the Duke of York. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Tobias Sackler (Updated)

English captain Tobias Sackler served at the end of the Commonwealth and in the Restoration navy. In 1660, before the Restoration, he commanded the Blackmoor pink. After the Restoration, he continued as captain of the Blackmoor pink. In 1663, he was appointed to command the 6th Rate Drake. We know that in May and June 1664, he commanded the Drake and was in the vicinity of the Downs. In 1665, he commanded the old 4th Rate Expedition. He fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, where he was assigned to Sir Christopher Myngs' division in the White Squadron. He fought in the Four Days' Battle, again in Sir Christopher Myng's division in the Blue Squadron. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle in the Expedition. He was still in Sir Christopher Myng's division, again in the Blue Squadron, under the command of Prince Rupert. Tobias Sackler was removed from his command after the battle, as he was thought to have not come into line when he could have, and had fired through English ships, contrary to orders. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.I 1660-1666, 1939.
2. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
3. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: John Fortescue, Sr.

John Fortescue, Sr. served in the Restoration navy. In 1661, he commanded the Colchester. On 9 December 1661, he took a message to Sir Thomas Allin at Cadiz. In early September 1662, he was in the Downs. The Colchester seems to have been used for carrying passengers (or prisoners) and dispatches. In late 1662, he commanded the Hound, although Anderson's book of Sir Thomas Allin's journals indicates that John Fortescue was still in the Colchester. On 24 May 1665, the Duke of Albemarle appointed him as captain of the hired ship Loyal Subject. He commanded her until 15 September 1666. At the time of the Battle of Lowestoft, the Loyal Subject was lying in the Medway, fitting out. His first assignment was to convoy returning East Indiamen from Kinsale, along with the Baltimore. He joined the fleet on 6 September and took part in the action on 9 September. The Loyal Subject was kept in service for the Winter Guard, and was a convoyer "for the Hamburg trade". John Fortescue fought in the Four Days' Battle, where the Loyal Subject (56 guns) was severely damaged. He had been assigned to Sir Thomas Teddiman's division in the Blue Squadron. He was wounded in the battle. The ship was not repaired and was released on 15 September. In 1667, he commanded the Dutch prize Charles V (Carolus Quintus). In 1668, he commanded the French Victory. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.I 1660-1666, 1939.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
3. Frank Fox, "Hired Men-of-War, 1664-7", Part II, The Mariner's Mirror Vol.84 No.2 (May 1998).
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

How about the battles in the Mediterranean Sea in 1676 as Privateers Bounty scenarios?

Andrew has been providing French and Spanish OOB's for the battles in the Mediterranean Sea in 1676. I also have the Dutch OOB's from Brandt's biography of De Ruyter. I will need to generate the ship data, but the numbers of ships involved are small enough that the battles are ideal for Privateers Bounty.

English Captain: John Fletcher

John Fletcher (or Flatcher) served in the Restoration navy. He was appointed captain of the Eagle in 1660. The next appointment was to the Little Gift in 1667. In 1669, he was lieutenant of the Foresight. In 1672, he captain of the French Victory prize. He "lost his ship and fled from trial". On April 29th, the day that De Ruyter's fleet sailed from the Texel, "38 ships left the Nore for Portsmouth, where it had been decided to meet the French." On May 5th, the French Victory (38 guns) had been taken by the Dutch. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Stephen Pyend

Stephen Pyend served in the Restoration navy. The Duke of York appointed him as lieutenant on the 2nd Rate St. George in 1664. In 1665, he was lieutenant on the Guernsey. Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle appointed him as captain of the 4th Rate Amity. In 1672, he was captain of the Ruby. He fought in the Battle of Solebay in the Ruby. He was assigned to Sir Joseph Jordan's division in the Blue Squadron. In August, he was assigned to Sir John Harman's division in the Blue Squadron. He fought in the Schooneveld Battles in the Ruby (48 guns), where he was assigned to Sir John Kempthorne's division in the Blue Squadron. Later in 1673, he was captain of the Sovereign. He died sometime before 1689. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. Julian S. Corbett, "A Note on the Drawings in the Possession of The Earl of Dartmouth Illustrating The Battle of Solebay May 28, 1672 and The Battle of the Texel August 11, 1673", 1908.
3. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.
5. J. C. M. Warnsinck, Admiraal De Ruyter De Zeeslag op Schooneveld Juni 1673, 1930.

English Captain: Thomas Seale

Thomas Seale served in the Restoration navy. His first appointment was as lieutenant of the Resolution in 1663. In 1664, he was promoted to captain of the Milford. In the fall of 1664, he served under Sir Thomas Allin in the Mediterranean Sea. They had hoped to take the Dutch Smyrna fleet of 33 ships, but were largely unsuccessful. Thoams Seale may have fought in the Battle of Lowestoft, still in the Milford. In 1665, he was captain of the Breda. He took part in the attack on the Dutch at Bergen on 2 August 1665. He was killed in the battle. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin, Vol.I 1660-1666, 1939.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Joseph Harris

Joseph Harris served in the Restoration navy. In 1666, he was appointed captain of the fireship Lizard. He commanded the Lizard in the St. James's Day Battle, where he was assigned to the Red Squadron. Later in 1666, he was captain of the fireship Wild Boar. In 1671, he was First Lieutenant of the Diamond. By 1672, he was captain of the fireship Ann and Judith. He fought in the Battle of Solebay. He staged an attack on a Dutch ship, at the urging of John Kempthorne, but was not able to get a good grapple of the enemy ship, so his ship burnt,but did not catch the Dutch ship on fire. John Kempthorne wrote that the attack was "gallantly performed". Later in 1672, he was captain of the Emsworth sloop. In 1673, Prince Rupert appointed him to command first the Nightingale and then the Constant Warwick. On March 10, 1673, the Nightingale (18 guns), under Joseph Harris's command, along with the Crown (42 guns), sighted three Dutch warships, one of which carried 44 guns. They fought an action against them, before the Dutch ships disengaged and fled. The Nightingale and Crown chased them for seven hours, but they escaped. In recognition of his valor in this action, Joseph Harris was given command of the Constant Warwick. On 22 April 1675, the King appointed him to command the Quaker ketch. He was condemned to death by a courtmartial "for suffering dishonour", but was later pardoned, perhaps due to his previous faithful service. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
3. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Richard Hodder

Richard Hodder served in the Restoration navy. He served most of his career as a lieutenant, often as First Lieutenant. In 1664, he was lieutenant of the Antelope. In 1666, he was lieutenant of the Dover. In 1671, he was reappointed as lieutenant of the Dover. In 1672, he was appointed as First Lieutenant of the old 2nd Rate Rainbow. In 1673, he was First Lieutenant of the Portland. On 9 March 1674, the King appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Garland. His one command was the Garland. The King appointed him as captain of the Garland on 23 April 1677. On 2 October 1684, the King appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Phoenix. Sources:

1. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: John Kelsey

John Kelsey served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, he commanded the fireship Little Unicorn. He fought in the Four Days' Battle in June 1666, where he still commanded the Little Unicorn. He was attached to Sir Edward Spragge's division in the White Squadron. In 1666, he commanded three ships: first, the Great Gift fireship, then he was at least assigned to the Loyal London, and then the Constant John fireship. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle, where he commanded the Great Gift fireship. He was assigned to the Blue Squadron. In 1669, he commanded the Hardereen fireship (the Dutch prize Harderin). In 1672, he commanded the Rachel fireship. The Rachel served with the fleet in the fall and winter of 1672. In 1673, he commanded the Friendship fireship. He died sometime before 1688. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: William Burke

William Burke served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, the Duke of Albemarle had appointed him as lieutenant of the Dutch prize St. Paul. Later in 1665, the Duke appointed him as lieutenant of the Bristol. In 1668, the Duke of York appointed him first as lieutenant of the Defiance, then the Cambridge. After that, still in 1668, he was captain of the Portsmouth sloop. In 1671, he was lieutenant of the Tiger. In 1674, the King appointed him as captain of the yacht Isle of Wight. Sources:

1. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: John Clements

John Clements served in the Restoration navy, and then he served in the navy for William and Mary. In 1667, he was appointed by the Duke of York to command the Merlin yacht. In 1671, he commanded the Monmouth yacht. In 1672, the Duke of York appointed him to command the Greyhound. The King reappointed him to command the Greyhound on 5 May 1679. The Commissioners appointed him to command the Cleveland yacht on 7 May 1680. He was reappointed to command the Cleveland yacht on 1 April 1685. King James II appointed him to command the Henrietta yacht on 4 May 1688. He was switched to the Katherine yacht on 18 May. The Lord Dartmouth appointed him to command the 3rd Rate Cambridge (70 guns) on 14 December 1688. He fought in the Battle of Bantry Bay on 1 May 1689, under the command of Admiral Herbert. In 1690, he fought in the Battle of Beachy Head, where he commanded the 3rd Rate Expedition (70 guns). He was assigned to the Red Squadron. In 1692, he fought in the Battle of Barfleur, where he commanded the 2nd Rate Duchess (90 guns). He was assigned to Sir John Ashby's Blue Squadron. John Clement's last command was the St. Andrew, which he left on 3 December 1693. Andrew writes, in addition that "probably under the patronage of Queen Anne's husband and Lord High Admiral, Prince George of Denmark, he was appointed the first Lieutenant-Governor of Greenwich Hospital in 1704. He died within a few months, after which his widow presented this portrait to the Hospital." Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Henry Priestman

This is based, on large part, on a communication from Andrew. Henry Priestman served in the Restoration navy and into William and Mary's navy. Henry (or Harry) Priestman lived from 1647 to 1712. He served in the navy from 1672 to 1699. Henry Priestman was Second Lieutenant of the Plymouth in 1672. On 23 August 1673, the King appointed him to command the Richmond. Andrew writes that his first command was the Antelope in 1672, and in the following year he was promoted to the command of the Richmond. He was sent in 1675 to the Mediterranean in command of the Lark. He was appointed to the Lark on 11 June 1675. On 7 January 1678 (they called it 1677, in the old style) he was appointed to the Swan, and, in the same year, to his first ship, the Antelope (on 12 April 1678), with instructions to guard the fishing at Yarmouth. On 9 July 1681, he was appointed to commanded the Reserve. In 1683 (appointed on 22 May), he commanded the Bonaventure in the Mediterranean and he was appointed Commodore in the Straits. He was sent in 1684 to Tetuan to treat with the Emperor of Morocco. During 1685, he was sick ashore, so his Lieutenant, Stafford Fairborne, commanded the Bonaventure (48 guns) in operations against the pirates. In 1688 (appointed on 8 November), he was placed in command of the Hampton Court and succeeded Sir William Booth. In March 1689, he was appointed as Comptroller of the Storekeeper's accounts, quitting that office on being nominated as a Commissioner for executing the office of Lord High Admiral. Luttrell mentions a report of his appointment as Governor of Greenwich Hospital in 1710, in place of Sir William Gifford. He died on August 20th, 1712, aged 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Sources:

1. Personal communication from Andrew
2. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Abraham Holditch

Abraham Holditch served in the Restoration navy. In 1661, he commanded the Dutch prize Sophia. In 1665, the Duke of York appointed him as lieutenant of the Revenge. Later in 1665, he was captain of the Dutch prize Mars. The Mars had been taken by the Assurance at the end of the Battle of Lowestoft. On August 8, 1665, he was appointed to command the Bendish. He commanded her until December 1, 1665. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, "Hired Men-of-War, 1664-7", Part II, The Mariner's Mirror Vol.84 No.2 (May 1998).
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

The undated list of ships "under the control of the Admiralty of Amsterdam"

There is an undated list in Vol.IV of The First Dutch War, on pages 308 to 310. This list has been very helpful, in that it matches ships with captains and gives guns and crew numbers. With my new system of wanting exact dates to go with information, this list is less useful. All we can do is to try and date the list, given its internals. There is the additional issue that the comments in the list may have been added at different dates. Given that Johan van Galen is listed as commanding the Vereenigde Provinciën, the list dates from prior to March 14, 1653. Given the comments about the Vrede, I have thought that the list dates from after the Battle of Portland. that would narrow the range to early March 1653. Given that Isaac Sweers' ship was sunk at Portland, that would seem to be valid. The note about Joris van der Zaan seems to only apply to his ship. He was killed at Portland. This list seems pretty clearly to be from March, after the 2nd (the end of the Battle of Portland) and before they had received word about the Battle of Livorno (fought on March 14).

English Captain: Casibelan Burton

Casibelan Burton served in the Restoration navy. The Duke of York appointed him lieutenant of the Warspite in 1666. In 1668, he was lieutenant of the Reserve. In 1670, he was appointed as lieutenant of the Greenwich. In 1672, he was First Lieutenant of the Warspite. He first command was the 6th Rate Drake, also in 1672. Later in 1672, he commanded the Holmes. On 13 November 1673, he was appointed as captain of the Hampshire. Finally, the King appointed him as captain of the Castle frigate on 15 June 1674. He died before 1689. Sources:

1. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Dutch Captain: Cornelis Hollardt

Cornelis Hollardt served the Admiralty of Zeeland. In 1671 and into early 1672, he commanded the snauw Tijdverdrijf (6 guns), which served as an adviesjacht. He fought in the Battle of Solebay, where he commanded the adviesjacht Bruijnvisch (6 guns). He was assigned to Lt-Admiral Banckert's squadron. He was still with the fleet on July 31, 1672, with Lt-Admiral Banckert. The only other place that we see him was with Cornelis Tromp's fleet sent to operate on the French coast in from May 1674. He commanded a 32-gun ship attached to Lt-Admiral Banckert's squadron. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. Lambertus van den Bosch, Leven en Bedryf van den Vermaarden Zeeheld, Cornelis Tromp, 1692.
3. Gerard Brandt, Het Leven en Bedrijif van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter, 1687.

Dutch Captain: Cornelis van den Heuvel.

Cornelis van den Heuvel served the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In 1673, he was second captain of Cornelis Tromp's flagship, the Gouden Leeuw. He rowed with Tromp, first to the Prins te Paard, and then to the Amsterdam. In 1674, he commanded the Steenbergen (68 guns), in Tromp's fleet that operated on the French coast. Andrew says that in "1676 he again served under Tromp and commanded the ship Waesdorp (68 guns, 268 men) in his fleet in the Baltic Sea. He fought at the Battle of Oland (June 1676) and in the operation near Rugen (Aug. 1676). Sources:

1. Lambertus van den Bosch, Leven en Bedryf van den Vermaarden Zeeheld, Cornelis Tromp, 1692.
2. J. R. Bruijn, De Oorlogvoering ter zee in 1673 in Journalen en Andere Stukken, 1966.
3. Personal communication from Andrew C.

Dutch Captain: Jacob Huyrluyt

On May 22, 1652 (new style), Jacob Huyrluyt was convoy commander, with Joris van der Zaan as his vice-commander. Jacob Huyrluyt commanded the Zeelandia (the Zeelandia of 124ft built in 1643). Joris van der Zaan commanded the new ship Campen. They were escorting 7 straatsvaarders back from the Mediterranean Sea, when they encountered Anthony Young's ships off the Start. Shots were exchanged over the salute to the English colors, but Anthony Young backed off, as he was well aware of the tense situation and didn't want to be responsible for starting a war. In July and August 1652, Jacob Huyrluyt's lieutenant commanded the Zeelandia. According to Hendrik de Raedt's pamphlet, he was not with Tromp on the voyage to the Shetlands in July and August. The Admiralty of Amsterdam list from August 5th showed his ship with the fleet in, although commanded by his lieutenant. The only other note about him was that his ship was lying in the Texel in mid-April 1653. Sources:

1. C. T. Atkinson, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.IV, 1910.
2. Dr. S.R. Gardiner, Ed., The First Dutch War, Vol.I, 1898.

English Captain: Benjamin Young

Benjamin Young served in the Restoration navy. The Duke of York appointed him as captain of the Adventure in 1664. In 1666, Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle appointed him as captain of the Yarmouth. This was apparently on July 27, 1666. In 1668, the Duke of York appointed him as captain of the Algerian prize Fountain. In 1669, he became captain of the Advice. He was killed in a battle with Algerian warships in the Mediterranean Sea in July 1670. He was part of a convoying force under the command of Sir Edward Spragge. The Advice and the Guernsey fought 7 Algerian warships and beat them off from the convoy, but both captains were killed. Sources:

1. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Hugh Seymour

Hugh Seymour served in the Restoration navy. The Duke of York appointed him as lieutenant of the Antelope in 1663. Later in 1663, the Duke of York appointed him as lieutenant of the Bristol. In 1664, he was lieutenant of the Hector. Again, later in 1664 he was lieutenant of the Pearl. He was promoted to captain in 1665. At the time of the Battle of Lowestoft in June 1666, he was operating around Ireland in the Pearl, as her captain. In 1666, he was appointed as captain of the Foresight (46 guns). In early June 1666, he was at Plymouth, commanding the Foresight. He was killed in the St. James's Day Battle on 25 July 1666 (old style). He had been assigned to the Generals' division in the Red Squadron. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Trivia time: Teunis Post was Allert Janszoon's skipper in 1652

On 6 August 1652, Antheunis Post (or Teunis Post) attended Tromp's council of war on the Brederode, after the storm hit the fleet off the Shetlands. It turns out that he was Allert Janszoon's skipper (schipper) on the Dubbele Arend, a ship belonging to the Admiralty of Zeeland. We know that, because a message from 28 December 1652 tells us that Teunis Post was temporarily in command and that he was Allert Janszoon's skipper. Presumably, this is the same Teunis Post who commanded the Parel adviesjacht in 1673.

Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (Houtebeen)

Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol was a famous naval officer in the service of the West Indian Company. His nickname was Houtebeen (wooden leg), probably because he had lost part of one leg. He fought in the Battle of the Downs in 1639, where he had 7 ships in his squadron. His initial orders were to cruise at the north end of the downs to contain the Spanish while the others attacked. His ship was the Jupiter. Perhaps this is the ship depicted in an early drawing by Willem van de Velde, the Elder.

English Captain: William Copow

William Copow served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, he was appointed as lieutenant of the 2nd Rate Rainbow. In 1667, he was appointed as lieutenant of the hired ship Loyal Subject. In 1668, he was lieutenant of the French Ruby. In 1673, Prince Rupert appointed him as lieutenant of the Mary Rose. On 18 June 1675, the King appointed him to command the Mary Rose. On 20 November 1677, the King appointed him as First Lieutenant of the Jersey. He died sometime before 1689. Sources:

1. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

The Dutch ship Oranjegalei

Carl Stapel has the scoop on the Dutch row-frigate Oranjegalei. I wondered if it might have been inspired by the English vessels of that type. One nice feature of Carl's piece is that he has the armament. This is my translation and formatting of Carl's piece:

Oranjegalei  1697

Admiralty   Name           Length Beam    Hold  Guns   In service
Zeeland     Oranjegalei    130    37-3/4  13.5  44     1697-1739

Built by a Russian in 1697 at Vlissingen from their own resources

A frigate that in a calm could be rowed

Armament:  18-12pdr, 16-6pdr, 4-4pdr, and 2-3pdr

Date        Commander             Guns Crew Notes
 18-08-1704 SBN A. de Boer        44   140  Successful fight against 
                                             4 galleys from Ostende          
 24-04-1709 Captain Richard Wood  44        Fought against 4 privateers.
                                             Englishman Wood killed.
     6/1709 Michiel Gardeyn
       1722 Kornelis Wiltschut    44   250  In the Mediterranean Sea against
                                             Algerian pirates 
       1739      ?                          The ship lay at Veere   

Cornelis Tijbij was Bastiaan Tuyneman's lieutenant at Dover on 29 May 1652

I had not taken in the fact that Cornelis Tijbij was Bastiaan Tuyneman's lieutenant on the Sint Laurens, which was taken by the English off Dover on 29 May 1652. In August, Cornelis Tijbij now commanded the fireship Ostende, a frigate. Later in 1653, he commanded a Directors' ship from Zeeland, the Luipaard.

The Jakob en Anna fireship (1672)

This is my translation of a piece by Mr. Carl Stapel about the Jakob en Anna fireship.

Jakob en Anna fireship 1672

Amsterdam    Jakob en Anna        fireship                                                   In service from  1672*-1677

Date        Captain                 Guns    Notes
    5/1672  cmdr Dirk Klaaszoon     4       In May, with the fleet
 7-6/1673   Captain Jan Boomgaart   4       The First Schooneveld Battle
14-6/1673   Captain Jan Boomgaart   2       The Second Schooneveld Battle
21-8/1673   Captain Jan Boomgaart           The Battle of the Texel (Kijkduin)
   8/1675   cmdr Dirk Klaasz Herney         With De Ruyter in the Mediterranean Sea
 8-1/1676   cmdr Dirk Klaasz Herney         The Battle of Stromboli
22-4/1676   cmdr Dirk Klaasz Herney         The Battle of Etna
 1-6/1676   cmdr Dirk Klaasz Herney         The Battle of Palermo
     1677   cmdr Arent Ruighaver            In the Baltic
21-6/1677   cmdr Arent Ruighaver            Burnt a Swedish ship    

English Captain: Levi Greene

Levi Greene served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, the Duke of York appointed him lieutenant of the Maryland Merchant. Later in 1665, he was lieutenant of the Delft prize. He was promoted to captain on 9 June 1666. In 1666, Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle appointed him as captain of the John and Thomas (48 guns). He fought in the St. James's Day Battle, where he was assigned to Sir Robert Holmes's division in the Red Squadron. Later in 1666, he was appointed to command the 2nd Rate Unicorn. In 1671, he was appointed as captain of the 4th Rate Diamond. In 1672, the Duke of York appointed him as captain of the Greenwich. He fought in the Battle of Solebay, where he was assigned to Sir John Harman's division in the Red Squadron. The Greenwich took the Dutch Stavoren in the battle. He was discharged from the service after a courtmartial in 1672. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. Julian S. Corbett, "A Note on the Drawings in the Possession of The Earl of Dartmouth Illustrating The Battle of Solebay May 28, 1672 and The Battle of the Texel August 11, 1673", 1908.
3. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
4. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
5. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

I have finally acknowledged that it was Jan Duijm who towed De Ruyter through the last two days of the Battle of Portland

I had thought that perhaps the name "Jan Duijm" was a mistake, and that it should have actually have been "Jacob Duijm" (or Duym). The latter's whole name was Jacob Claeszoon Duym. He served the Enkhuizen Directors and commanded the ship Vergulde Zon, which was lost at the Battle of the Gabbard. Jan Duijm seems to have been the same man as who commanded the ship Prins Willem (28 guns) at the Battle of the Sound in 1658. He served the Admiralty of Zeeland. I have seen his last name listed as "Daijm", but I have seen the handwritten Dutch from 1658, and it is clearly written "Duijm". It has been said that Jan Duijm fought in the Battle of Dungeness, but Jan Evertsen does not list him in his list of captains from December 1, 1652. The thought did occur to me that Jan Duijm could have been a lieutenant and been at Dungeness, without being listed by Jan Evertsen. In 1653, a number of lieutenants commanded ships. That was definitely the case at the Gabbard and Scheveningen. Anthonis Fappenlain was lieutenant of Tijs Tijmenszoon Peereboom's ship, the Peereboom. He commanded the ship at the Battle of Scheveningen. Bartholomeus Rietbeeck was another lieutenant who commanded a ship at the Gabbard (the Roseboom). Ulrich de Jaeger commmanded the Amsterdam Directors ship Nieuw Gideon. He had been lieutenant to Hector Bardesius in 1652. His full name was Ulrich Claeszoon de Jager (or Jaeger).

English Captain: Charles Montague (or Mountague)

Charles Montague (or Mountague) served in the Restoration navy. In early 1672, he was appointed by the Duke of York to command the 5th Rate Guernsey. Somewhat later, he commanded the Falcon (40 guns). He fought in the Battle of Solebay, where he was assigned to the Earl of Sandwich's division in the Blue Squadron. In August 1672. he was assigned to Sir Edward Spragge's division in the Blue Squadron. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. Julian S. Corbett, "A Note on the Drawings in the Possession of The Earl of Dartmouth Illustrating The Battle of Solebay May 28, 1672 and The Battle of the Texel August 11, 1673", 1908.
3. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
4. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: James Ley, Earl of Marlborough

James Ley, the first Earl of Marlborough served the Royalist cause and in the Restoration navy. During 1643 to 1644, he commanded four ships for the Royalists. We know that he was appointed to command the Dunkirk in 1661. In 1665, he was appointed to command the Old James (68 guns). He was killed in action at the Battle of Lowestoft, on 3 June 1665 (old style). He had been assigned to the Duke of York's division in the Red Squadron. Frank Fox says that the Earl of Marlborough "had spent most of his life at sea, as after his family had lost their estates, he had served as a flag officer under both Charles I and Charles II". In the Battle of Lowestoft, the Earl had attacked Bastiaan Centen in the 76-gun Oranje to force him back from Henry Fenn, in the Montagu. The Earl of Sandwich was being hard-pressed, and both the Duke of York and William Penn were determined to relieve the pressure on him. The Earl of Marlborough was killed shortly after the Dutch flagship Eendracht exploded. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, List of English Naval Captains 1642-1660, 1964.
2. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: Henry Williams

Henry Williams served in the Restoration navy. In 1667, he commanded the John, a fire hoy (or galliot). The John was sold in 1667. In 1672, the Duke of York appointed him to command the Supply fireship. In 1673, Prince Rupert appointed him to command the Assurance (42 guns). He likely fought in the Schooneveld battles and the Battle of the Texel. The King appointed him to command the fireship Wivenhoe on 25 May 1675 and then switched the appointment to the Holmes. The King appointed him to command the Dutch prize Stavoren (48 guns) on 7 January 1678 (they called it 1677 in the old style calendar). On 12 April 1678, he was appointed to command the Lion (60 guns). The commissioners appointed him to command the Pearl (28 guns) on 3 April 1680. In 1681, in the Pearl, he took a French armed ship that did not pay proper respects to the English flag. On 8 May 1682, the commissioners appointed him to command the Constant Warwick (42 guns). The King appointed him to command the Cleveland yacht (8 guns) on 22 January 1685 (they called the year 1684). He was reappointed on 2 April 1685. The King (now James II) appointed him to command the Advice on 5 September 1688. By the way, Syrett and DiNardo suggest that there were two Henry Williams, and that the first died in 1667. The trouble with that is that a Henry Williams commanded ships from 1672, not from 1677. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Lists of Men-of-War 1650-1700: Part I English Ships 1649-1702, 1966.
2. William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol.II, 1898.
3. Frank Fox, Great Ships: The Battlefleet of King Charles II, 1980.
4. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
5. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

English Captain: David Trotter

David Trotter served in the Restoration navy. In 1665, he was lieutenant of the Jersey. In 1670, he was lieutenant of the Foresight. In 1672, the Duke of York appointed him as captain of the Emsworth sloop. Apparently by August 1672, he was appointed as captain of the Richmond. On 9 March 1673, the King appointed him captain of the Speedwell. Later in 1673, he was captain of the Dragon. On 5 April 1677, the King appointed him captain of the Kingfisher. On 11 March 1680 (they called it 1679 in the old style system), he was appointed by the commissioners as captain of the Mermaid. Finally, on 4 November 1682, the commissioners appointed him as captain of the Foresight. He died in late 1682. Sources:

1. R. C. Anderson, Journals and Narratives of the Third Dutch War, 1946.
2. David Syrett, R. L. DiNardo, The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815, 1994.
3. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.

Marinus de Clerq in 1652

Marinus de Clerq was with the Dutch fleet in early December 1652, so he probably fought in the Battle of Dungeness. There is a note in Dr. Elias's book (Vol.II, p.84) that in June 1652, Marinus de Clerq commanded the ship previously commanded by Captain Schooneman. In the 26 February 1652 list, Captain Schooneman commanded the Dolphijn (28 guns), a ship belonging to the Admiralty of Rotterdam (the Maze).

English Captain: Thomas Rand

Thomas Rand served in the Restoration navy. He was promoted to captain in 1666. He commanded the Dutch prize Slothany (ex-Slot Hooningen). In June, at the time of the Four Days' Battle, the Slothany was lying in the Thames-Medway area short of men. He fought in the St. James's Day Battle, where the Slothany (60 guns) was assigned to Sir Joseph Jordan's division in the Red Squadron. Sources:

1. Frank Fox, A Distant Storm: the Four Days' Battle of 1666, 1996.
2. J.R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vol.I, 1903.